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Por meio de testemunhos e de documentos de arquivo, proponho uma reconstituição das condições em virtude das quais Bourdieu recebeu, em 1993, a medalha de ouro do Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, a mais alta distinção científica na França, em reconhecimento ao estudo sobre a situação existencial e as armadilhas institucionais da consagração acadêmica. O discurso proferido por Bourdieu na ocasião e a cerimônia na qual foi lido apresentam um triplo interesse para a história e para a sociologia da sociologia. Ilustram como uma personalidade formada pela disciplina viveu, refletiu e transitou pelas conexões entre a ciência, a autoridade e o poder. Marcam 1993 como o ano chave na evolução intelectual de Bourdieu, quando uma nova agenda de pesquisa traz para o primeiro plano o Estado como um poder simbólico primordial. Ajudam a explicar por que na década de 1990 Bourdieu se aventura de forma tão direta no debate cívico. A aceitação ambivalente desse prêmio por Bourdieu ilustra igualmente sua concepção da "Realpolitik da razão" e coloca um fim ao eclipse de Durkheim ao restaurar à Sociologia seu lugar de direito no zênite científico de seu país natal.
Although community-based participatory research (CBPR) shares many of the core values of health education and related fields, the outside researcher embracing this approach to inquiry frequently is confronted with thorny ethical challenges. Following a brief review of the conceptual and historical roots of CBPR, Kelly’s ecological principles for community-based research and Jones’s three-tiered framework for understanding racism are introduced as useful frameworks for helping explore several key challenges. These are (a) achieving a true “community-driven” agenda; (b) insider-outsider tensions; (c) real and perceived racism; (d) the limitations of “participation”; and (e) issues involving the sharing, ownership, and use of findings for action. Case studies are used in an initial exploration of these topics. Green et al.’s guidelines for appraising CBPR projects then are highlighted as an important tool for helping CBPR partners better address the challenging ethical issues often inherent in this approach.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overall, we were able to classify approximately 70 percent of hospital-led health networks and 90 percent of hospital-led health systems into well-defined organizational clusters. Given the widespread perception that organizational change in healthcare has been chaotic, our research suggests that important and meaningful similarities exist across many evolving organizations. The resulting taxonomy provides a new lexicon for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare executives for characterizing key strategic and structural features of evolving organizations. The taxonomy also provides a framework for future inquiry about the relationships between organizational strategy, structure, and performance, and for assessing policy issues, such as Medicare Provider Sponsored Organizations, antitrust, and insurance regulation.
Data center computing is becoming pervasive in many organizations. Computing frameworks such as MapRe-duce [17], Hadoop [6] and Dryad [25], split jobs into small tasks that are run on the cluster’s compute nodes.
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) increasingly is seen as a potent tool for studying and addressing urban environmental health problems by linking place-based work with efforts to help effect policy-level change. This paper explores a successful CBPR and organizing effort, the Toxic Free Neighborhoods Campaign, in Old Town National City (OTNC), CA, United States, and its contributions to both local policy outcomes and changes in the broader policy environment, laying the groundwork for a Specific Plan to address a host of interlocking community concerns. After briefly describing the broader research of which the OTNC case study was a part, we provide background on the Environmental Health Coalition (EHC) partnership and the setting in which it took place, including the problems posed for residents in this light industrial/residential neighborhood. EHC's strong in-house research, and its training and active engagement of promotoras de salud (lay health promoters) as co-researchers and policy change advocates, are described. We explore in particular the translation of research findings as part of a policy advocacy campaign, interweaving challenges faced and success factors and multi-level outcomes to which these efforts contributed. The EHC partnership's experience then is compared with that of other policy-focused CBPR efforts in urban environmental health, emphasizing common success factors and challenges faced, as these may assist other partnerships wishing to pursue CBPR in urban communities.
<p>Evapotranspiration (E<sub>ET</sub>) observed by eddy covariance (EC) towers is composed of physical evaporation (E<sub>E</sub>) from wet surfaces and biological transpiration (E<sub>T</sub>), that involves soil moisture uptake by roots and water vapor transfer regulated through the canopy-stomatal conductance (g<sub>C</sub>) during photosynthesis. E<sub>T</sub> plays a dominant role in the global water cycle and represents 80% of the total terrestrial E<sub>ET</sub>. Understanding the magnitude and variability of E<sub>T</sub> are critical to assess the ecophysiological responses of vegetation to drought. While separating E<sub>T</sub> signals from lumped E<sub>ET</sub> observations and/or simulating E<sub>T</sub> by terrestrial systems models is insufficiently constrained owing to the large uncertainties in disentangling g<sub>C</sub> from the aggregated canopy-substrate conductance (g<sub>cS</sub>), evaluating ecosystem E<sub>T</sub> derived through partitioning E<sub>ET</sub> observations (or model simulation) is also challenging due to the absence of any ecosystem-scale measurements of this biotic flux and g<sub>C</sub>. To date, the main methods for partitioning EC-E<sub>ET</sub> observations are largely based on regressing E<sub>ET</sub> with gross photosynthesis (P<sub>g</sub>) and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (D<sub>A</sub>) observations. However, such methods ignore the essential feedback of the surface energy balance (SEB) and canopy temperature (T<sub>C</sub>) on g<sub>C</sub> and E<sub>T</sub>.</p><p>This study demonstrates partitioning E<sub>ET</sub> observations into E<sub>T</sub> and E<sub>E</sub> [soil evaporation (E<sub>Es</sub>) and interception evaporation (E<sub>Ei</sub>)] through an ‘analytical solution’ of g<sub>C</sub>, T<sub>C</sub> and canopy vapor pressures by employing a Shuttleworth-Gurney vegetation-substrate energy balance model with minimal complexity. The model is called TRANSPIRE (Top-down partitioning evapotRANSPIRation modEl), which ingests remote sensing land surface temperature (LST) and leaf area index (L<sub>ai</sub>) information in conjunction with meteorological, sensible heat flux (H) and E<sub>ET</sub> observations from EC tower into the SEB equations for retrieving canopy and soil temperatures (T<sub>S</sub>, T<sub>C</sub>), g<sub>C</sub>, and E<sub>T</sub>.</p><p>E<sub>T</sub> estimates from TRANSPIRE were tested and evaluated with a remote sensing based E<sub>T</sub> estimate from an analytical model (STIC1.2), where lumped E<sub>ET</sub> was partitioned by employing a moisture availability constraints across an aridity gradient in the North Australian Tropical Transect (NATT) by using time-series of 8-day MODIS Terra LST and LAI products in conjunction with EC measurements from 2011 to 2018. Both methods captured the seasonal pattern of E<sub>T</sub>/E<sub>ET</sub> ratio in a very similar way. While E<sub>T</sub> accounted for 60±10% of the annual E<sub>ET</sub> in the tropical savanna, E<sub>T</sub> in the arid mulga contributed 75±12% of the annual E<sub>ET</sub>. Seasonal variation of E<sub>T</sub> was higher in the arid, semi-arid ecosystems (50 - 90%), as compared to the humid tropical ecosystem (10 - 50%). The TRANSPIRE model reasonably captured E<sub>T</sub> variations along with soil moisture and precipitation dynamics in both sparse and homogeneous vegetation and showed the potential of partitioning E<sub>ET</sub> observations for cross-site comparison with a variety of models.</p>
Synthesis of Saturated Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles via Pd-Catalyzed C-N Bond-Forming Reactions Transition Metal Catalyzed Approaches to Lactones Involving C-O Bond Formation The Formation of Csp2-S and Csp2-Se Bonds by Substitution and Addition Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes Palladium-Catalysis for Oxidative 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Aminations The Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles New Reactions of Copper Acetylides: Catalytic Dipolar Cycloadditions and Beyond Transition Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Monocyclic Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Transition Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation by RhI-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reactions Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nucleophiles to C-C Multiple Bonds Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Oxygen Nucleophiles to C-C Multiple Bonds
