Inefficient material tracking continues to be a major challenge in sustainable construction, often leading to unnecessary waste, budget overruns, and project delays. While many digital tools have been introduced in recent years, there is still a lack of practical, field-tested frameworks that combine these technologies with clear, structured procedures, especially in resource-constrained environments. This study introduces a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) framework designed to improve materials tracking systems (MTSs) by integrating QR codes, GPS tracking, and cloud-based dashboards. Together, these tools support more accurate planning, smoother coordination, and real-time monitoring from the early design stages to on-site implementation. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining surveys with construction professionals and focus group discussions with engineers, IT specialists, and logistics staff. The findings highlight procurement and implementation as the phases most prone to inefficiencies, particularly around material receiving, quality checks, and on-site placement. The validated SOP framework shows strong potential to improve tracking accuracy, reduce material waste, and streamline construction workflows. It offers a flexible, easy-to-use system for integrating sustainability into everyday project practices. Looking ahead, this study also points to future opportunities for applying AI-based tools—such as predictive tracking and automated quality checks—to further improve decision-making and resource efficiency in construction projects.
The motto behind the keenness of urban areas has become unmistakable in current cities because of the rise of installed and associated shrewd gadgets, frameworks, and innovations. It is possible to connect every object to the Internet. As a result, in the impending Internet of Things era, the "Internet of Vehicles-IoV" will play a critical role in newly developed dazzling urban communities. The IoV can possibly address different traffic and street wellbeing issues successfully to forestall deadly crashes. In any case, a specific test of IoV, particularly in "Vehicle-to-Vehicle" as well as "Vehicle-to-Infrastructure" communications, guarantees quick, in order to transmit securely and exact performance of the information. The above effort is modifying Blockchain innovation for continuous application called RTA to meet "Vehicle-to-Every thing-V2x" communications problems in order to overcome these challenges. As a result, the main goal of the study is to develop a Blockchain-based IoT framework for establishing communication security and creating a completely decentralized computing platform. Research methodology used here is divided into two major sections. In the part 1 presented below, authors discuss the traceability and optimization over Merkle trees. The second section deals with implementing an actual blockchain with our optimized Merkle tree as the underlying technology to represent a distributed trust based ledger.
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of each of psychasthenia, psychological flexibility, suggestibility, and conspiracy beliefs in predicting the anxiety of vaccination with the anti COVID-19 vaccine among faculty members at Ain Shams University (ASU). Examining the difference in the sample’s scores on the vaccination anxiety scale and its sub-factors according to the variables (age—chronic diseases—academic specialization—previous infection with COVID-19—gender), the sample of the study included 139 faculty members at Ain Shams University aged ranged from 23 to 78 years, with a mean of 49.52 years, and a standard deviation of 13.29 years. The vaccination anxiety scale, psychasthenia scale, psychological flexibility scale, suggestibility scale, and conspiracy beliefs scale were used to collect data. The results revealed that the variables of suggestibility and conspiracy beliefs significantly contribute to predicting the vaccination anxiety among faculty members at Ain Shams University. There is a significant difference in the average scores on the vaccination anxiety scale according to age, with the difference in favor of the age group less than fifty years, as well as according to the presence/absence of a previous infection with COVID-19, with the vaccination anxiety being higher for those who were previously infected. There has been no observed significant difference according to the presence/absence of chronic diseases or academic specialization.
Abstract Objective The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to enhance understanding of the academic landscape of social media marketing research in the last decade. Methodology A complete keyword search within the Scopus database yielded 18,844 publications linking social media platforms to marketing. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1872 relevant articles were analyzed. The PRISMA framework ensured structured selection, while VOSviewer was used to visualize research clusters and trends. Key findings The results underscore the growing prominence of social media as a transformative tool in marketing. Key insights include a detailed examination of leading countries, top institutions, prolific authors, and high-impact journals shaping the field. Emerging research themes such as AI-driven marketing, tourism marketing, digital advertising, and virtual marketing were identified. The research also reveals regional disparities in research output, particularly in the Arab region, emphasizing the need for localized research frameworks and better integration of Arabic databases into global academic discussions. Contributions The research emphasizes the need to adopt advanced methodologies, including empirical studies, thematic analysis, and big data analytics, to enhance the rigor of future research. It also advocates for bibliometric studies on Arabic databases to address regional disparities and enrich the understanding of electronic marketing in the Arabic context. It identifies several underexplored research areas like sustainability in social media campaigns, integrating virtual and augmented reality into marketing strategies, relations between influencer marketing’s impact on consumer decision-making, the psychological and behavioral impact of social media marketing, and the role of emerging social media platforms. This analysis also provides actionable insights for businesses, policymakers, marketers advocating for platform-specific marketing strategies, ethical AI regulations and the need for localized marketing approaches that consider cultural nuances. Additionally, it highlights social media’s role in sustainability, public health awareness, and crisis communication, offering a roadmap for organizations seeking to leverage digital platforms more effectively.
The extensive use of electronic healthcare systems (eHealth) already has significant advantages in the management of electronic based Health Records called EHRs for both Clinicians and Clients of hospitals.It does, however, present significant security issues.After a medical institution creates and redirects it to cloud servers, patients will not be provided with physical access to EHR but, if diagnosed, will be given access by the medical institution.The integrity of the EHRs is therefore difficult to maintain, especially in the event of medical error, as the cloud platform allows the health institute to manipulate outside EHRs to cover up health misconduct.
Introduction In early phase of hydatidosis, the Th1 mediates protective immunity against the parasite and helps to eliminate the larval stage, whereas later, the Th2 subset promotes humoral immune response and reflects susceptibility to disease. Aim of the study To investigate the local immunohistochemical pattern of T cell populations in Egyptian patients exposed to variable therapeutic modalities and to identify the dominating type of T cells in patients infected with hydatidosis using two immunocellular markers (STAT-4 and GATA-3), representing Th1 and Th2, respectively, and to evaluate systemic immune response using commercially available indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Patients, materials, and methods Forty-five cases with human hydatidosis were enrolled and divided according to treatment they received into four groups. Fresh samples of hydatid cyst wall were fixed in 10% formalin for immunohistochemical examination. Antibody titer was measured using commercial available IHA test. Results Significantly higher expression levels of GATA-3 in comparison with STAT-4 were recorded in all studied groups. Unexpectedly, IHA test recorded positive findings in only 22 of the 45 cases, exhibiting difficulty in the diagnosis and prognosis of such parasitic infection. Conclusion These local and systemic immunological profiles may reflect the efficiency of the parasite to sequestrate its antigen away from the host immune system applying variable therapeutic modalities with pronounced overshadowed Th2 response. Consequently, these data may help to develop new immunotherapeutic strategies to successfully eliminate this serious helminthic infection.
A mobile adhoc network is a Self-configuring network of mobile routers connected by wireless links.In the mobile adhoc network, each and every device moves independently in any direction so that there are frequent changes in the links.It is essential to learn the position of the neighbors because there is increase in location-aware services.So, there is a chance that the malicious nodes are easily abused the process.The significant problem in mobile networks is correctness of node locations and also it is primarily challenging in the presence of adversaries.So, the neighbor position verification protocol is used to a fully distributed, a lightweight NPV procedure which allows each node to obtain the locations advertised by its neighbors and asses their truthfulness.Further to extend neighbor position verification protocols in the proactive model that need to each node constantly verify the position of its neighbors.So, we introduce a technique called secure link state updating which provides secure proactive topology discovery that is multiply useful for the network operation.This technique is vigorous against individual attackers, it is capable to adjust its capacity between local and network-wide topology discovery, and also operating in networks of frequently changing topology and membership nodes.Experimental results show that the proposed system is high efficiency in terms of security when compared to the existing system.
Beyond the spread of the disease and efforts to treat, the coronavirus pandemic has far-reaching implications. It is crystal clear that the pandemic wreaked havoc on critical fields such as healthcare, business, and academic. In terms of academics, one direct outcome of the pandemic's spread was the decision to suspend traditional in-person classroom courses in favor of remote learning and home-based schooling through the use of computer assisted learning technologies, but these technologies confront numerous hurdles. The majority of these issues revolve around the effectiveness of these delivery modalities, as well as engagement and knowledge testing. These difficulties highlight the need for an advanced smart educational system that aids all types of learners, gives teachers a variety of smart new tools, and enables a more flexible learning environment. The internet of things, artificial intelligence and virtual reality is a blooming sector, and IoT-based devices have ushered in a revolution in electronics and information technology.
Vehicular adhoc structures (VANETs) handle the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI structure, the check of a got message is performed by checking if the check of the sender is joined into the current CRL, Verifying the reliability of the certification and standard for the sender. In this paper, it has been propose a Vehicular Digital Hash Gen show up (VDHG) for VANETs, which replaces the dull CRL checking process by a profitable revoking checking process. The renouncing check process in VDHG uses a Private Key Infrastructure (PKI), where the key used in finding the VDHG is shared particularly between On-Board Units (OBUs). In like manner, VDHG uses a novel probabilistic key stream, which extras with OBUs to trade and revive an issue key. VDHG can on a very basic level lessen the data torment in light of the message declaration deferral pulled back and the standard assistance structures using CRL.
The mobile adhoc network is a group of mobile nodes without having the fixed infrastructure.Due to the infrastructure less network and distributed nature, make mobile adhoc network susceptible to malicious attackers.So, we use an intrusion detection system called Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgement (EAACK) especially for mobile adhoc networks.Based on the digital signature algorithm (DSA) and RSA the EAACK is designed.To enhance the strength of the security in the mobile adhoc networks, we introduce an innovative approach called Hybrid Security Protocol that provides integrity, confidentiality and authentication.This Hybrid Security Protocol consists of Cryptography based on Elliptic curve, Dual-RSA algorithm and Message Digest MD5.Encryption is achieved by using Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Dual-RSA algorithm for authentication and MD-5 for integrity.By using a combination of both symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic techniques, we achieve better security with integrity.
A node in a network lost its energy and goes to dead state due to high transmission rate, high sensing interval rate and acting as an intermediate node. Network lifetime will be minimized very quickly. To improve energy efficiency of a node in a network, and to save a node from dead state, we proposed a Role and Interval Changing Algorithm (RICA). This algorithm will saves node's energy and avoid the node's dead state. Based on the energy level, a node will change its behaviour and control its interval rate also. If energy of a node goes below a certain specified threshold level then that node will change its role from intermediate node to leaf node and adjust its interval rate.
