Abstract Four flavones (flavone, 7‐hydroxyflavone, chrysin, and baicalein) sharing the same B‐ and C‐ring structure but a different numbers of hydroxyl groups on the A‐ring were studied for their affinities for BSA and HSA. The hydroxylation on ring A of flavones increased the binding constants ( K a ) and the number of binding sites ( n ) between flavones and serum albumins. The affinities of 7‐hydroxyflavone for BSA and HSA were about 800 times and 40 times higher than that of flavone, respectively. It appears that the optimal number of hydroxyl groups introduced to the ring A of flavones is one. As more hydroxyl groups were introduced to positions at C‐5, C‐6, and/or C‐7 of flavones, the affinities for serum albumins decrease. The critical energy transfer distances ( R 0 ) between the hydroxylated flavones (1–3 OH on the ring A) and serum albumins decreased with the increasing affinities for serum albumins.
En la actualidad, las empresas requieren de la obtención de datos precisos, análisis que apoye en la toma de decisiones y en la mejora continua; estos procesos han llegado a formar parte de la visión de negocios de la gerencia empresarial sobre la cual están orientados los objetivos de negocios para poder ser y permanecer competitivos. Las empresas de manufactura tienen la necesidad de obtener y analizar datos relacionados a los procesos de producción para determinar el nivel de eficiencia de estos y en base a la información obtenida tomar decisiones que ayuden a la empresa a mejorar o corregir situaciones que puedan ser de carácter humano, operativo, procedural o de equipo. En este proyecto de desarrollo de software se ha diseñado e implementado un sistema de información, con el método de cascada, para una empresa de manufactura localizada en la frontera norte de México con Estados Unidos en el sector del cuidado de la salud; el sistema utiliza datos desde un controlador lógico programable, en el cual se obtienen datos para su monitoreo como: alarmas de la máquina, conteo de eventos, duración de cada alarma y velocidad de producción. Dando como resultado información de los códigos de producción, turno, día y hora; además de medir de forma precisa la eficiencia de la máquina, así como la detección de tendencias y la creación de alertas oportunas hacia personas técnicas para la solución de problemas. El sistema consta de un análisis de velocidad y carga de trabajo del procesador del PLC, desarrollo de la conexión entre el procesador y el sistema, preparación del sistema para el traspaso de información, programación de la base de datos en Access y el diseño de la interfaz gráfica en Visual Basic. Net. Entre los logros más importantes obtenidos de la implementación del sistema de información se encuentran: Disponibilidad de la información en tiempo real y obtención de datos históricos de las variables de producción del equipo, mejoramiento de las tareas de supervisión y control de procesos, así como el envío de alertas a usuarios específicos para reacción adecuada a eventos de fallas. Currently, companies require obtaining accurate data, analysis that supports decision-making and continuous improvement; these processes have become part of the business management vision on which business objectives are oriented to be and remain competitive. Manufacturing companies have the need to obtain and analyze data related to production processes to determine their level of efficiency and based on the information obtained, make decisions that help the company improve or correct situations that may be of human, operational, procedural or equipment. In this software development project, with the cascade method, an information system has been designed and implemented, for a manufacturing company located on the northern border of Mexico with the United States in the health care sector; the system uses data from a programmable logic controller, in which data such as: machine alarms, event count, duration of each alarm, and production speed were obtained for monitoring. Resulting in information on the production codes, shift, day and hour; in addition to accurately measuring the efficiency of the machine, as well as the detection of trends and the creation of timely alerts to technical personnel for troubleshooting. The system consists of an analysis of the speed and workload of the PLC processor, development of the connection between the processor and the system, preparation of the system for the transfer of information, programming of the database and the design of a graphical interface in Visual Basic.Net . Among the most important achievements obtained from the implementation of the information system are: Availability of information in real time and obtaining historical data from production variables, improvement of supervision tasks and process control, as well such as sending alerts to specific users for adequate reaction to failure events.
Ayala, D. E.1; Hermida, R. C.1; Mojon, A.1; Chayan, L.2; Dominguez, M. J.3; Fontao, M. J.1; Alonso, I.1; Fernandez, J. R.1 Author Information
Summary Expressions for the probability and average time of detection of a recessive visible gene in populations where there is partial selfing or partial full-sib mating are presented. A small increase in the proportion of inbred matings greatly reduces the average time until detection and increases the proportion detected. Unless the proportion of inbred matings or the population size is very small, the time and proportion detected are approximately independent of the population size.
Accelerated methods for partitioning of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, such as the use of single and ultrasonic extractions are assessed in terms of readsorption and compared with the three-stage sequential extraction scheme (SES) of the Standards Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T). The standard addition approach was employed for characterising the readsorption artefact by applying the above fractionation methods over different certified reference materials (CRMs), BCR 701, BCR 601 (lake sediments), and BCR 141R soil. Ultrasonic extractions provided higher readsorption, mainly for BCR 141R and 601 as compared to conventional SES, the role of ultrasound in the activation of adsorptive sites being significant. The single extraction approach seemed to be inadequate with samples containing large amounts of carbonates such as BCR 141 R but worked well with both lake sediments. The readsorption phenomena are mainly occurring in the most labile fraction (i.e. acid soluble) and has been observed to be matrix dependent. The extent of such phenomenon is also dependent on the extraction methodology, i.e conventional vs accelerated.
The porB locus codes for the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Alleles of this locus have been assigned to two homology groups based on close sequence and immunological relationships and are designated as either PIA or PIB. Several population parameters were estimated and compared among these two groups using a data set of 22 PIA sequences and 91 PIB sequences obtained from diverse geographic localities and from time periods spanning approximately 50 years. Recombination appears to be extensive in the porB gene. While the recombination rates are similar for the PIA and PIB sequences, the relative contribution of recombination to genetic diversity is higher for the PIA sequences. Alleles belonging to the PIB group show greater genetic diversity than do those in the PIA group. Although phylogenetic analysis did not reveal temporal or geographic clustering of sequences, estimates of gene flow and the fixation index suggested that PIB sequences exhibit population substructure based on geographic locality. Selection acts in these homology groups in a different way. While positive Darwinian selection is the dominant force driving the evolution of the PIA sequences, purifying selection operates also on the PIB sequences. These differences may be attributable to the greater propensity of PIA strains, as compared with PIB strains, to cause disseminated gonococcal infection, which would expose the former to intense selection pressure from the host immune system. The molecular evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae seems to be driven by the simultaneous action of selection and recombination, but under different rates and selection pressures for the PIA and PIB homology groups.
The International Symposium on Phytochemicals in Medicine and Food (ISPMF2015) was held from June 26 to 29, 2015, in Shanghai, China. It is for the first time that a Phytochemical Society of Europe conference took place in China, which provided an opportunity for 270 scientists from 48 countries to communicate their up-to-date knowledge on phytochemicals. ISPMF2015 comprised exciting and various programs with 16 sessions, including 12 plenary lectures, 20 invited talks, 55 short oral presentations, and more than 130 posters. With the help of Prof. Fergus M. Clydesdale, a special issue of Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition containing 11 reviews from scientists was presented in this conference. In this special issue, bioactive flavonoids and polysaccharides for human health received significant attention.
