Publications

Diabetes, a chronic physiological dysfunction affecting people of different age groups and severely impairs the harmony of peoples’ normal life worldwide. Despite the availability of insulin preparations and several synthetic oral antidiabetic drugs, there is a crucial need for the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic drugs because of the development of resistance and side effects of those drugs in long-term use. On the contrary, plants or herbal sources are getting popular day by day to the scientists, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies all over the world to search for potential bioactive compound(s) for the discovery and development of targeted novel antidiabetic drugs that may control diabetes with the least unwanted effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we have presented the prospective candidates comprised of either isolated phytochemical(s) and/or extract(s) containing bioactive phytoconstituents which have been reported in several in vitro , in vivo , and clinical studies possessing noteworthy antidiabetic potential. The mode of actions, attributed to antidiabetic activities of the reported phytochemicals and/or plant extracts have also been described to focus on the prospective phytochemicals and phytosources for further studies in the discovery and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics.

Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2208299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208299 After publication of the original article, an inconsistency was identified by the authors, regarding the use of definitions of handedness and circularly polarized light (CPL), employed for electromagnetic modeling and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Such an inconsistency requires correction of some figures and one of Supporting Movies. Circular polarization of light can be referred to as right-handed or left-handed. However, historically, two opposing conventions exist for such definitions.[1] The convention used by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines handedness from the point of view of the source (also called "source view"). This definition involves pointing one's thumb away from the source, parallel to wave propagation, and then aligning finger curling with the temporal rotation of the field at a space point. Conversely, the convention used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines handedness from the point of view of the receiver (also called as "detector's view"). This process involves directing the thumb towards the source and against wave propagation, with finger-curls matching the field's spatial rotation. In the published version of the article, the IUPAC convention was used for experimental measurements, whereas the IEEE convention was used in electromagnetic simulations and therefore the signs of simulated and experimental CD spectra (e.g., Figure 4) should be opposite. On the other hand, when analyzing the consequence of this mistake, it was found that the input models used for the calculation of CD spectra and electric field enhancement maps in the same Figure 4 had opposite geometrical handedness to the electron tomography image in Figure 3, which was obtained from the same sample/nanoparticle. Upon careful examination of potential sources of this anomaly, transformation of tomography reconstruction data into MATLAB-friendly files was found to have resulted in an inversion of the image, as (x,y,z) → (x,−y,z), and thus reversal of chirality. As a result, the calculation employed the IEEE convention (opposite to experimental IUPAC convention) on the enantiomer corresponding to the real particle, so that the experimental and simulated spectra find excellent agreement in both spectral shape and sign. Corrected figures that preserve the geometrical handedness of the experimental nanoparticles in the simulation models, while using the IUPAC convention of CPL handedness, are hereby provided: Figure 4, Figure S10, the table of contents (TOC) image, and Movie S2, Supporting Information are corrected. Movie S2 is replaced in the Supporting Information published with the article. The other corrected figures are found below. The Supporting Information text file is also replaced, to include the revised Figure S10. It should be noted that these corrections do not alter any of the conclusions in the published manuscript. The authors apologize for any inconvenience this might have caused. TOC image. Additionally, a mistake was also identified in Figure 7 where an erroneous correspondence was proposed for the enantiomers of cysteine and the resulting twisted chiral Au nanorods. It should be noted that cysteine is a special case among amino acids, for which L-Cys corresponds to R-Cys (and D-Cys to S-Cys). The correct version is provided below.

Abstract Background The plant growth is influenced by multiple interactions with biotic (microbial) and abiotic components in their surroundings. These microbial interactions have both positive and negative effects on plant. Plant growth promoting bacterial (PGPR) interaction could result in positive growth under normal as well as in stress conditions. Methods Here, we have screened two PGPR’s and determined their potential in induction of specific gene in host plant to overcome the adverse effect of biotic stress caused by Magnaporthe grisea , a fungal pathogen that cause blast in rice. We demonstrated the glucanase protein mode of action by performing comparative modeling and molecular docking of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) ligand with the protein. Besides, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to understand the behavior of the glucanase-GTP complex. Results The results clearly showed that selected PGPR was better able to induce modification in host plant at morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular level by activating the expression of β-1,3-glucanases gene in infected host plant. The docking results indicated that Tyr75, Arg256, Gly258, and Ser223 of glucanase formed four crucial hydrogen bonds with the GTP, while, only Val220 found to form hydrophobic contact with ligand. Conclusions The PGPR able to induce β-1,3-glucanases gene in host plant upon pathogenic interaction and β-1,3-glucanases form complex with GTP by hydrophilic interaction for induction of defense cascade for acquiring resistance against Magnaporthe grisea. Graphical abstract

Abstract The availability of a large number of high‐density markers (SNPs) allows the estimation of historical effective population size ( N e ) from linkage disequilibrium between loci. A recent refinement of methods to estimate historical N e from the recent past has been shown to be rather accurate with simulation data. The method has also been applied to real data for numerous species. However, the simulation data cannot encompass all the complexities of real genomes, and the performance of any estimation method with real data is always uncertain, as the true demography of the populations is not known. Here, we carried out an experimental design with Drosophila melanogaster to test the method with real data following a known demographic history. We used a population maintained in the laboratory with a constant census size of about 2800 individuals and subjected the population to a drastic decline to a size of 100 individuals. After a few generations, the population was expanded back to the previous size and after a few further generations again expanded to twice the initial size. Estimates of historical N e were obtained with the software GONE both for autosomal and X chromosomes from samples of 17 individuals sequenced for the whole genome. Estimates of the historical effective size were able to infer the patterns of changes that occurred in the populations showing generally good performance of the method. We discuss the limitations of the method and the application of the software carried out so far.