In the design of ship monitoring system, it is usually necessary to set aside the test interface. How to ensure the general nature of the test interface and the security of the monitoring system is the problem of system design. Firstly, the central control system of a certain type of ship propulsion system and the communication protocol of monitoring system are analyzed. And then a data conversion system based on heterogeneous networks is designed and implemented. The test interface of the data conversion system is developed based on Ethernet protocol, the data conversion between the 1553B bus and Ethernet network is achieved. A safety control strategy of ship monitoring system based on information flow control between heterogeneous networks is proposed. The data conversion between 1553B bus and Ethernet network is monitored and analyzed. If the data flow is not defined as the predefined format, the conversion between heterogeneous networks can be cut off automatically, which can ensure the safety of the monitoring system.
Nifedipine efficiently reduces BP for the entire 24 h and to a significantly larger extent after bedtime administration. The significant added efficacy on reducing night-time BP, the decrease in the prevalence of a nondipper BP pattern, and the significant decrease in morning BP surge (all relevant markers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) of bedtime as compared with morning administration, consistently indicate that nifedipine should preferably be administered at bedtime in patients with essential hypertension.
The effective population size ( N e ) is a key parameter to quantify the magnitude of genetic drift and inbreeding, with important implications in human evolution. The increasing availability of high-density genetic markers allows the estimation of historical changes in N e across time using measures of genome diversity or linkage disequilibrium between markers. Directional selection is expected to reduce diversity and N e , and this reduction is modulated by the heterogeneity of the genome in terms of recombination rate. Here we investigate by computer simulations the consequences of selection (both positive and negative) and recombination rate heterogeneity in the estimation of historical N e . We also investigate the relationship between diversity parameters and N e across the different regions of the genome using human marker data. We show that the estimates of historical N e obtained from linkage disequilibrium between markers ( N e LD ) are virtually unaffected by selection. In contrast, those estimates obtained by coalescence mutation-recombination-based methods can be strongly affected by it, which could have important consequences for the estimation of human demography. The simulation results are supported by the analysis of human data. The estimates of N e LD obtained for particular genomic regions do not correlate, or they do it very weakly, with recombination rate, nucleotide diversity, proportion of polymorphic sites, background selection statistic, minor allele frequency of SNPs, loss of function and missense variants and gene density. This suggests that N e LD measures mainly reflect demographic changes in population size across generations.
Abstract Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in treating minimum hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Methods A systematic search was conducted across three major databases: PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to 9 March 2023. The objective was to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of probiotic preparations in treating MHE. The search terms included ‘probiotics’ along with other clinically relevant terms to comprehensively capture all pertinent studies. Results A total of 18 RCTs were included. The meta‐analysis showed that probiotic treatment outperformed control groups in reducing blood ammonia levels (standard mean difference [MD] = −2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.90 to −1.46, p < .0001), improving the remission rate of MHE (risk ratio [RR] = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.23–6.35, p = .01) and lowering alanine aminotransferase levels (MD = −11.10, 95% CI: −16.17 to −6.03, p < .0001). It also significantly reduced the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores (MD = −2.55, 95% CI: −3.56 to −1.54, p < .00001) and the incidence of MHE (RR = .18, 95% CI: .09–.34, p < .00001). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that probiotics effectively improve blood ammonia levels, liver function and cognitive function in patients with MHE. They significantly enhance the remission rate of MHE and effectively reduce its incidence, providing solid new evidence for treating MHE with probiotics.
ABSTRACT Inbreeding depression is a highly relevant universal phenomenon in population and conservation genetics since it leads to a decline in the fitness of individuals. This phenomenon is due to the homozygous expression of alleles whose effects are hidden in heterozygotes (inbreeding load). The rate of inbreeding depression for quantitative traits can be quantified if the coefficient of inbreeding ( F ) of individuals is known. This coefficient can be estimated from pedigrees or from the information of molecular markers, such as SNPs, using measures of homozygosity of individual markers or runs of homozygosity (ROH) across the genome. Several studies have investigated the accuracy of different F measures to estimate inbreeding depression, but always assuming that this is only due to recessive or partially recessive deleterious mutations. It is possible, though, that part of the inbreeding depression is due to variants with overdominant gene action (heterozygote advantage). In this study, we carried out computer simulations to assess the impact of overdominance on the estimation of inbreeding depression based on different measures of F . The results indicate that the estimators based on ROH provide the most robust estimates of inbreeding depression when this is due to overdominant loci. The estimators that use measures of homozygosity from individual markers may provide estimates with substantial biases, depending on whether or not low‐frequency alleles are discarded in the analyses; but among these SNP‐by‐SNP measures, those based on the correlation between uniting gametes are generally the most reliable.
