Publications

Can on-site management mitigate nitrogen deposition impacts in non-wooded habitats?

Five decades' experience of long‐term soil monitoring, and key design principles, to assist the <scp>EU</scp> soil health mission

Abstract The European Union has a long‐term objective to achieve healthy soils by 2050. The European Commission has proposed a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law, SML), the first stage of which is to focus on setting up a soil monitoring framework and assessing soils throughout the EU. Situated in NW Europe, the UK has substantial experience in soil monitoring over the last half century which may usefully contribute to this wider EU effort. A set of overarching principles have and continue to guide design of national soil monitoring and may prove helpful as other European countries embark on similar monitoring programmes. Therefore, we present the principles of design from five decades of national soil monitoring. The monitoring discussed is based on a stratified‐random design, has matured in support of policy questions, and operates over space and time scales relevant to the SML. The UK Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology (UKCEH) Countryside Surveys (CS) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Welsh Government, Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring and Modelling Programme (ERAMMP) and the England Ecosystem Survey (EES) monitoring programme are national programmes currently operating in the UK. Some important lessons learnt include: adopting a question‐based approach; having a clear robust statistical design for the purpose; selecting indicators that address policy and underlying scientific questions; and selecting indicators that can detect change and use robust and well‐tested methodologies across a wide range of soil and land use types, remaining valid over long time scales, supporting thinking long‐term. Technical lessons learned include the proven cost effectiveness of a stratified‐random design including replication, while adopting a common stratification layer of stable environmental attributes aids comparability between monitoring programmes. Common protocols are vital for future intercomparisons, but a full ecosystem approach that includes co‐located soil and vegetation samples for interpreting a co‐evolving system has proved hugely advantageous. UK monitoring programmes offer a range of experience that may prove valuable to future soil monitoring design to address the major societal challenges of our time, such as maintaining food production and addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.

Ask the locals - urban land management driven by local perceptions of cultural benefits.

Water Resources Data for Idaho, Water Year 1986

Greenspace’s value orientations of ecosystem service and socioeconomic service in China

ABSTRACT Background: Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings, including ecosystem service values (ESVs) and socioeconomic service values (SSVs). The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature. This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace. We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland, grassland, wetland, and water bodies, and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China. Result: (1) The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than non-exposed greenspace, as it had both ESVs and SSVs. (2) The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs, and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace. (3) Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs, which was unpopular for exposed greenspace. (4) The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced. Conclusion: Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human. Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace, which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning, design and construction in human habitat.

The absolute configuration of 1-epialexine hemihydrate

The absolute and relative configurations of 1-epialexine are established by X-ray crystallographic analysis, giving (1S,2R,3R,7S,7aS)-1,2,7-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxy­meth­yl)pyrrolizidine. The compound crystallizes as the hemihydrate C8H15NO4·0.5H2O, with hydrogen bonds holding the water mol­ecule in a hydro­philic pocket between epialexine bilayers. In addition, a comparison was made between results obtained from examination of the Bijvoet pairs from data sets collected using molybdenum and copper radiation.

Does atmospheric nitrogen deposition lead to greater nitrogen and carbon accumulation in coastal sand dunes?

367 An IgE fast inhibition method for the standardization of potencies of allergenic extracts

Water Resources Data, Idaho, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Great Basin and Snake River Basin Above King Hill

A NOTE ON THE AMPLITUDE OF BETATRON OSCILLATIONS

Not just a sandy beach. The multi-service value of Mediterranean coastal dunes

First UASS drift curves for agroforestry scenarios in Spain

Combining Spatial and Temporal Data to Create a Fine-Resolution Daily Urban Air Temperature Product from Remote Sensing Land Surface Temperature (LST) Data

Remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) is often used as a proxy for air temperature in urban heat island studies, particularly to illustrate relative temperature differences between locations. Two sensors are used predominantly in the literature, Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). However, each has shortcomings that currently limit its utility for many urban applications. Landsat has high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution, and may miss hot days, while MODIS has high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution, which is inadequate to represent the fine grain heterogeneity in cities. In this paper, we overcome this inadequacy by combining high spatial frequency Environmental Services (ES), Landsat-driven Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and MODIS low spatial frequency background LST at different spatial frequency bands (spatial spectral composition). The method is able to provide fine scale LST four times daily on any day of the year. Using data from Paris in 2019 we show that (1) daytime cooling by vegetation reaches a maximum of 30 °C, above which there is no further increase in cooling. In addition, (2) the cooling is relatively local and does not extend further than 200 m beyond the boundary of the NBS. This model can be used to quantify the benefits of NBS in providing cooling in cities.

Nitrogen mediates above-ground effects of ozone but not below-ground effects in a rhizomatous sedge

The Coffee Compromise: Is Agricultural Expansion into Tree Plantations a Sustainable Option?

In tropical regions, land-use pressures between natural forest, commercial tree plantations, and agricultural land for rural communities are widespread. One option is to increase the functionality of commercial plantations by allowing agroforestry within them by rural communities. Such land-sharing options could address wider societal and environmental issues and reduce pressure on natural forest. To investigate the trade-offs involved, we used InVEST to model the ecosystem services provided by growing coffee under commercial pine plantations in Indonesia against other land-use options. Pine–coffee agroforestry provided worse supporting and regulating services (carbon, sediment and nitrogen retention, catchment runoff) than natural forest; however, it provided greater provisioning services (product yield) directly to smallholders. Converting pine monoculture into pine-coffee agroforestry led to increases in all ecosystem services, although there was an increased risk to water quality. Compared with coffee and root crop monocultures, pine–coffee agroforestry provided higher levels of supporting and regulating services; however, product yields were lower. Thus, opening up pine plantations for agroforestry realises additional income-generating opportunities for rural communities, provides wider ecosystem service benefits, and reduces pressure for land-use change. Lower smallholder yields could be addressed through the management of shade levels or through Payments for Ecosystem Services schemes.

[PL] DOKUMENT POLICY BRIEF: Przywrócić naturalną noc. Program działań na rzecz ograniczania zanieczyszczenia światłem sztucznym

Niniejszy dokument policy brief (D4.1) został opracowany w ramach projektu Horyzont Europa PLAN-B (Umowa grantowa nr 101135308) we współpracy z projektem AquaPLAN (Umowa grantowa nr 101135471). Dokument ten dostarcza strategicznych wskazówek dla Unii Europejskiej w zakresie podejmowania działań przeciwdziałających zanieczyszczeniu światłem sztucznym, uznając jego niekorzystny wpływ na środowisko, ujednolicając wysiłki i zapewniając ramy dla skoordynowanych działań krajowych, a także promując regulacje i zarządzanie sztucznym światłem w nocy (ALAN) oparte na dowodach naukowych. Aby wesprzeć działania polityczne mające na celu redukcję zanieczyszczenia światłem, zachęca się osoby prywatne do podpisania formularza poparcia, natomiast organizacje mogą poprzeć inicjatywę, podpisując list poparcia, który na żądanie można uzyskać od osób kontaktowych wymienionych w dokumencie informacyjnym dotyczącym polityki. Yakushina, Y., Klenke, R., Fletcher, D., Jones, L., Nascimento, A. T. A., Teixeira, C. P., Goulart, V. D. L. R, Maggi, E., Hoelker, F., Barnett, C., Tysiac, P., Sanchez de Miguel, A., Sheriff, G., Lomas, M. J., Van Hoorick, G., & Wood, M.D. (2025). Restoring the night: A policy agenda for light pollution mitigation in Europe. Policy brief written by thePLAN-B project (Horizon Europe No. 101135308) and the AquaPLAN project (Horizon Europe No. 101135471). Przetłumaczone przez Translated by Paweł Tysiąc, Karolina M. Zielińska-Dąbkowska & Katarzyna Bobkowska. Zenodo. Disclaimer This publication was produced under the Horizon Europe programme (Grant Agreement No. 101135308) as part of the PLAN-B project. The content reflects only the views of the authors. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. The information is provided “as is” without warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. The PLAN-B Consortium accepts no liability for any direct, indirect, or consequential damages arising from its use. This is a Polish translation of the Policy Brief “Restoring the Night: A Policy Agenda for Light Pollution Mitigation in Europe” (published June 2025) (access the original version here).

Factors affecting vegetation establishment and development in a sand dune chronosequence at Newborough Warren, North Wales

Small changes in water levels and groundwater nutrients alter nitrogen and carbon processing in dune slack soils