Publications

Prosthesis Infection: Diagnosis after Total Joint Arthroplasty with Antigranulocyte Scintigraphy with^99mTc-labeled Monoclonal Antibodies—A Meta-Analysis

AGS with monoclonal antibodies had a reasonably high discriminating ability to identify prosthesis infection in patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty.

Quantitative research assessment: using metrics against gamed metrics

Chip Multi-Processor Generator

No abstract is provided for this article.

20-GS/s 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter and 5-GHz Phase Interpolator for Open-Source Synthesizable High-Speed Link Applications

Using digital standard cells and digital place-and-route (PnR) tools, we created a 20-GS/s, 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for use in high-speed serial link applications with an ENOB of 5.6, a DNL of 0.95 LSB, and an INL of 2.39 LSB, which dissipated 175 mW in 0.102 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 16-nm technology. The design is entirely described in an HDL so that it can be ported to other processes with minimal effort and shared as open source.

Impact of schizophrenia candidate genes on schizotypy and cognitive endophenotypes at the population level

BackgroundAspects of cognitive function and schizotypy have been proposed as potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia. It is unknown if the expression of these endophenotypes at the population level is modulated by the genetic variability of candidate susceptibility genes for schizophrenia.MethodsWe examined the potential impact of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within five susceptibility genes for schizophrenia (COMT, DTNP1, NRG1, DAOA/G32 and DAAO genes) on cognition and self-rated schizotypy, in a representative population of 2,243 young male military conscripts. Single SNP and haplotype associations were evaluated.ResultsVal carriers of the COMT val 158 met polymorphism, were associated with higher scores on the negative schizotypy factor, and a greater variability of response in attention capacity. DTNP1 SNPs rs2619522 and rs760761 exhibited several single marker associations, the minor alleles being associated with lower attention capacity but also a decrease in positive and paranoid schizotypy scores. DTNP1 haplotype load had borderline associations with non verbal IQ, paranoid schizotypy and sustained attention. For individual NRG1 polymorphisms, isolated but weak signals of association were noted with sustained attention and working memory, but not schizotypy. The risk allele of functional SNP8NRG243177 was associated with reduced spatial working memory capacity. An isolated effect of DAAO haplotype variability was noted on negative and disorganization schizotypy. No convincing association of DAOA/G32 variability was detected.ConclusionDTNP1 and val 158 met COMT, and less so NRG1 and DAAO variants, may exert gene-specific modulating effects on schizophrenia endophenotypes at the population level.

Table of Contents

An integrated framework for joint design space exploration of microarchitecture and circuits

The design of a digital system for energy efficiency often requires the analysis of circuit tradeoffs in addition to architectural tradeoffs. To assist with this analysis, we present a framework for performing joint exploration of both the architectural and circuit design spaces. In our approach, we use statistical inference techniques to create a model of a large micro-architectural design space from a small number of simulation samples. We then characterize the design tradeoffs of each of the underlying circuits and integrate these with the higher level architectural models to define the joint circuit-architecture design space. We use posynomial forms for all our models, enabling the use of convex optimization tools to efficiently search the joint design space. As an example, we apply this methodology to explore the power-performance tradeoffs in a dual-issue superscalar out-of-order processor, showing how the framework can be used to determine the optimal set of design parameters for energy efficiency. Compared to current architectural tools that use fixed circuit costs, joint optimization can reduce energy by up to 30% by considering circuit tradeoff characteristics.

Reporting quality, effect sizes, and biases for aging interventions: a methodological appraisal of the DrugAge database

Abstract Though interest has grown significantly over the past decades in interventions that may slow the aging process, most evidence for these interventions still comes from experiments in non-human animals. These studies may suffer from design, quality and reporting issues. The quality and reporting of preclinical studies have not yet been studied systematically in anti-aging research. Here we analyzed the DrugAge database, assessing reporting study quality, bias and effect sizes across 667 anti-aging preclinical studies. We found significant shortcomings in reporting of crucial design features such as randomization and blinding, as well as large variation in reporting quality and effects across species. Non-mammal findings typically did not translate to mammals. Although anti-aging interventions may have different effects depending on when they are started, most studies began giving the intervention under investigation very early in the organism’s lifespan. Our findings suggest there is substantial room for improvement in preclinical anti-aging research.

Assessing the usefulness of randomised trials in obstetrics and gynaecology

This article includes Author Insights, a video abstract available at: https://vimeo.com/785911255

Across 73 meta-analyses mortality improvements are uncommon with newer interventions in adult cardiac surgery

The vast majority of newer interventions had no mortality differences over older ones both overall and specifically in RCTs, while benefits for newer interventions were reported more frequently in observational studies.

Using the Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir Attack to Break {WEP}

We implemented an attack against WEP, the link-layer security protocol for 802.11 networks. The attack was described in a recent paper by Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir. With our implementation, and permission of the network administrator, we were able to recover the 128 bit secret key used in a production network, with a passive attack. The WEP standard uses RC4 IVs improperly, and the attack exploits this design failure. This paper describes the attack, how we implemented it, and some optimizations to make the attack more efficient. We conclude that 802.11 WEP is totally insecure, and we provide some recommendations. 1

Estimating the contribution of genetic variants to difference in incidence of disease between population groups

Application of Formal Methods (SAT/SMT) to the Design of Constrained Codes

Constrained coding plays a crucial role in high-speed communication links by restricting bit sequences to reduce the adverse effects imposed by the characterist

JAMA

Hardware fault containment in scalable shared-memory multiprocessors

Current shared-memory multiprocessors are inherently vulnerable to faults: any significant hardware or system software fault causes the entire system to fail. Unless provisions are made to limit the impact of faults, users will perceive a decrease in reliability when they entrust their applications to larger machines. This paper shows that fault containment techniques can be effectively applied to scalable shared-memory multiprocessors to reduce the reliability problems created by increased machine size.The primary goal of our approach is to leave normal-mode performance unaffected. Rather than using expensive fault-tolerance techniques to mask the effects of data and resource loss, our strategy is based on limiting the damage caused by faults to only a portion of the machine. After a hardware fault, we run a distributed recovery algorithm that allows normal operation to be resumed in the functioning parts of the machine.Our approach is implemented in the Stanford FLASH multiprocessor. Using a detailed hardware simulator, we have performed a number of fault injection experiments on a FLASH system running Hive, an operating system designed to support fault containment. The results we report validate our approach and show that in conjunction with an operating system like Hive, we can improve the reliability seen by unmodified applications without substantial performance cost. Simulation results suggest that our algorithms scale well for systems up to 128 processors.

23-valent pneumococcal vaccination and HIV

Estimating Conditional Vaccine Effectiveness

Evidence from crossover trials: empirical evaluation and comparison against parallel arm trials

Crossover designs may contribute evidence in a fifth of systematic reviews, but few meta-analyses make use of their full data. The results of crossover trials tend to agree with those of parallel arm trials, although there was a trend for more conservative treatment effect estimates in parallel arm trials.