In this study, chemical content, antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibition activities, and DNA protection activities of extracts obtained from different solvents of the Coriandrum sativum leaf, flower and seed were determined. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of C. sativum leaf, seed and flower hexane extracts were higher than water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The highest anthocyanin content was found in the flower part of C. sativum. From the antioxidant activity tests, total antioxidant activity of flower aqueous extract, reducing power of seed aqueous extract, H2O2 scavenging activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, OH˙ radical scavenging activity of leaf hexane extract, free radical scavenging activity of flower methanol extract, metal chelate activity of leaf ethyl acetate extract, superoxide anion scavenging activity of leaf aqueous extract and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the leaf ethyl acetate extract had the highest. It was found that the urease inhibition activity of the seed methanol extract and the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of the seed ethanol extract presented effective inhibition activity as 80.30±0.20%, 112.83±10.75 µg/mL, and 334.28±23.09 µg/mL, respectively. The leaf hexane, flower ethyl acetate, and leaf methanol extracts showed the highest DNA protection activities with values of 71.86%, 70.89%, and 69.38%, respectively. According to the phytochemical content and biochemical activity results, this study is a valuable report proving that the C. sativum plant is a natural effective product.
Parietin was isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.' (methanol:chloroform) extract, using a silica column. 13 C NMR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the structure of the isolated parietin. For the first time, parietin was investigated for its antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA protective activities. Molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding affinity and interactions between the enzymes and our molecule. Inhibition and kinetic mechanism studies for the action of the enzymes were performed too. Parietin exhibited high metal chelating activity. The MIC values of parietin were sufficient to inhibit different bacterial strains; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Molecular docking applications exhibited that acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and tyrosinase have high potential for binding with the parietin. Especially, the parietin's highest binding affinity was recorded with AChE and tyrosinase. These results were confirmed by the inhibition and kinetics results, where, parietin observed a potent inhibition with an IC50 values between 0.013-0.003 µM. Moreover, parietin acts' as a non-competitive inhibitor against AChE, BChE, and lipase, and as a competitive inhibitor against tyrosinase with a high rate of inhibition stability. The promising biological properties of parietin revealed its effectiveness in terms of suitability in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (ELA) was isolated from the aerial parts of endemic
Due to the common ethnopharmacological used or scientifically examined biochemical properties, Elaeagnaceae family, Elaeagnus umbellate (Thunb.) (EU, Guz yemisi) was worth investigating.In this investigation, we revealed antioxidant, antiproliferative and enzyme inhibition activities of the water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of EU as well as the contents of their phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, lycopene and β- carotene. The antioxidant activity was screened by total antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, 2-deoxyribose degradation assay, H2O2 scavenging and metal chelating activities of the samples were tested in vitro. Additionally, the scavenging activities of the extracts were determined against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS˙+), superoxide anion and peroxide radicals. The samples were determined for their inhibitory activities against urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). In vitro, antiproliferative activities of six different extracts were tested using the xCELLigence system against HeLa and HT29 cell lines.The antioxidant activities of the extracts were found higher than standard antioxidants. The water extracts of fruit and leaf showed the best antioxidant activity. In inhibition assays of urease, AChE and BuChE, all extracts exhibited remarkable inhibition potential. Ethyl acetate extracts, especially, showed better inhibition capacity. It was found that the antioxidant activities of the extracts presented consistently with their chemical contents. The antiproliferative activities of leaf extracts were more effective than the fruit extracts. The chromatographic methods were applied to the different solvents to analyses phenolic secondery metabolites. It was found that fumaric acid, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin and quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, neohesperidin, hesperidin determined to have higher contents all the extracts.EU can be suggested as a potential natural source of antioxidants appropriate for utilization in nutritional/pharmaceutical fields.
Plant-derived bioactive substances have demonstrated significant qualities that suggest they may be crucial in preventing various chronic diseases. Flavonoids, which include apigenin, are the biggest group of polyphenols. In our study, we aimed to obtain the methanol-chloroform (1:1) extract from the aerial parts of
Three furan and/or thiophene-2-carboxamide compounds, namely N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (1), N-(furan-2-carbonyl)furan-2-carboxamide (2), and N-(Thiophene-2-ylmethyl)furan-2-carboxamide (3) were investigated the enzyme kinetic studies by urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The inhibition constant (Ki) of Compound (CPD)3 by AChE was determined as 0.10 mM, and the Ki value by BChE was determined as 0.07 mM. In comparison, the Ki value of CPD1 by urease was determined as 0.10 mM. These CPDs were examined for antioxidant activity by the DPPH˙ scavenging method. CPD3 exhibited 98.93% DPPH scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid, the positive control group. Furthermore, the DNA-protective activities of the compounds were investigated, and the DNA protection activity of CPD1 was observed to be 78%. The findings suggest that thiophene/furan carboxy amide-containing CPD1 and CPD3 might be exploited as potential structures for evaluating pharmaceuticals with greater potency.
In this study, we investigated the phenolic profile, metal concentrations, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of edible mushrooms collected from Sinop, Turkey: Amanita caesarea, Boletus edulis, Grifola frondosa, Hydnum repandum, Lactarius deliciosus, L. piperatus, L. volemus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Ramaria flava. The mycochemical contents of R. flava, L. sulphureus, A. caesarea, L. deliciosus, and B. edulis were high. The cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) contents of mushrooms were between < 0.54 and 8.97 ppm. L. deliciosus had effective total antioxidant activity (7990 μmol α-tocopherol eq./g), ABTS·+ (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) scavenging activity scavenging activity (EC50:7.87 μg/mL), and free-radical scavenging activity (EC50: 0.018 μg/mL) due to high levels of phenol, flavonoid, β-carotene, and lycopene. B. edulis demonstrated strong reducing power (A0.5: 11.89 μg/mL), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (EC50:0.0016 μg/mL), and H2O2 scavenging activity (EC50: 0.28 μg/mL). A. caesarea and R. flava showed the best metal chelating activity (EC50:44.31 μg/mL) and superoxide anion scavenging activity (EC50:0.18 μg/mL), respectively. Inhibition zone values of A. caesarea extract were detected between 8.1 and 27.1 mm for B. cereus. Our results show that mushrooms are promising dietary sources for natural prevention of many infectious diseases and that they act as antioxidant agents.
