Inter-laboratory variations in data obtained from surveillance in Japan were studied. The items evaluated were related to liver function and were as follows: total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), cholinesterase (CHE), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatitis markers. Inter-laboratory coefficients of variations for bilirubin, AST and ALT were acceptable, being less than 10%. but higher variations were found for thle other enzyme assays. Detection of hepatitis markers was acceptable. However. even for parameters with lower inter-laboratory variation, differences in obtained values among different reagents or methods still existed. Thus, standardization will be needed for laboratory data in Japan, and this will contribute to international standardization in laboratory medicine in the future.
ASR劣化した構造物における補強後のASR膨張挙動を対象として,補強された部材のASR膨張抑制効果について解析的な評価を行った.ASR膨張モデルを用いた有限要素解析の結果,鋼板巻立てやPC巻立てにより補強されたRC柱の補強後の膨張挙動を概ね評価可能であることを示した.また,並列バネモデルを用いて各種補強方法を対象としたパラメトリック解析を行い,膨張の抑制に及ぼす要因の評価と膨張抑制効果の定量的な評価を試みた.その結果,プレストレスのように力により膨張を拘束する方法は,補強材の拘束鋼材比を大きくする方法よりも,ASR膨張の抑制に対して効果的であることを示した.
To support local government officials who are in charge of enforcing earthquake disaster mitigation, this paperproposes application of an integrated earthquake simulator to the seismic response analysis of whole structures located in a city. The simulator is aimed at combining various simulation programs which are used for the purpose of design, and visualizing structure responses for a given earthquake scenario. Integration takes advantage of a computer agent which plays a role of an interpreter between the system and each simulation program. The possibility of such integration is discussedby developing a prototype of the integrated earthquake simulator.
This paper presents numerical analyses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to axial compression. A rigid-bodyspring model is used to represent concrete material as an assemblage of rigid particles interconnected along their boundaries through flexible interfaces. The material is discretized into a large number of random particles using Voronoi diagrams in order to reduce mesh bias on the fracture conditions. Rather than averaging the effect of reinforcing over a regional material volume, reinforcing material is explicitly modeled. Mesh construction is greatly facilitated since the material discretization is semiautomated and each reinforcement can be positioned irrespective of the concrete material. Numerical results agree well with experimental observations in terms of loading capacity, crack patterns, concrete strain, and steel strain. The model predicts an increase of shear carrying capacity in RC beams due to axial compression. The rate of increase of shear carrying capacity is investigated through analyses of RC beams with the different span-depth ratio.
The evaluation of water absorption in concrete is regarded as an important indicator for assessing the causes of its deterioration and durability. Traditionally adopted methods for durability assessment in concrete materials, however, lack in providing real-time monitoring of the absorption process and information about the material deformability at surfaces (volumetric changes) caused by swelling in cement hydrates (i.e., C-S-H). In this study, a one-dimensional water absorption test was performed on small-size mortar specimens of three different strengths, and their top (flattened) surface was continuously monitored for volume changes by utilizing surface strain gauges along with the DICM. After the water absorption test, the same specimens were tested to determine mechanical properties such as compressive strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, the water absorption characteristics, like depth/rate, were evaluated in DICM by tracing changes in waterfront positions with the progression of strains during the water absorption process in mortars. Additionally, the surface strain gauges confirmed the accuracy of strains evaluated by the DICM. The absorption characteristics obtained from observations in the DICM were correlated with the mechanical properties and expansion strain of the test specimens. The results indicated that the durability properties were not only related to the water absorption rate but also to the mechanical properties and volume changes due to saturation.
本論文は, 格子等価連続体化法と称する手法により, 鉄筋コンクリート要素の構成式を構築するとともに2次元問題への適用を行ったものである. 格子等価連続体化法とは, 鉄筋コンクリート要素内の力の流れを, 複数本の格子成分を用いるとともに, 各格子成分に等価一軸応力-ひずみ関係を適用することにより, 連続体構成式を導く手法である. 加えて本研究では, 開発する構成式, 解析アルゴリズムの点において, より収斂性が良く, ポストピーク領域においても安定して解が得られる有限要素法解析ツールの構築を目指している. 構築した解析ツールを用いて, 構成式の検証を行うとともに, Snap-back 挙動も含めた脆性的なせん断破壊するRCはり部材のポストピーク挙動を予測し, 実験値と比較することで, 本解析ツールの有用性について検討を行った.
One of the most important parameters for PV plant performance assessment is the solar irradiance. From here onwards, horizontal irradiance is measured in most PV sites. In fact, it is demanded to measure the in-plane irradiance for PV plant performance assessment. For that purpose, in-plane irradiance has been calculated from horizontal irradiance. However, it is not accurate to measured value because of moves and changes of cloud for one-minute in-plane irradiance. It is important to know in-plane irradiance by one-minute in terms of making use of electric power. In this work, new method of calculating in-plane irradiance by use of one-minute local solar irradiance is approached. Hereby, it is showed that by use of this method, better results than another method for calculating in-plane irradiance from horizontal irradiance were obtained. Furthermore, in-plane irradiance with various angles could be calculated with accuracy for surrounding area by use of local solar irradiance and PV site one-minute horizontal irradiance.
