Constraints on the availability of freshwater and land plants and animals to feed the 9.2 billion humans projected to inhabit Earth by 2050 can be overcome by enhancing the contribution the ocean makes to food production. Catches from ocean fisheries are unlikely to recover without adequate conservation measures, so the greater contribution of the oceans to feeding humanity must be derived largely from mariculture. For the effort to be successful, mariculture must close the production cycle to abandon its current dependence on fisheries catches; enhance the production of edible macroalgae and filter-feeder organisms; minimize environmental impacts; and increase integration with food production on land, transferring water-intensive components of the human diet (i.e., production of animal protein) to the ocean. Accommodating these changes will enable the oceans to become a major source of food, which we believe will constitute the next food revolution in human history.
El melanoma acral lentiginoso es el tipo de melanoma de localización distal más frecuente, suele diagnosticarse en los estadios más avanzados y tiene un comportamiento biológico más agresivo que otros tipos de melanoma, por lo cual son de peor pronóstico. Representa entre el 5 % y el 10 % de los melanomas malignos y es más frecuente en asiáticos, en la raza negra y en latinoamericanos. El objetivo de este artículo fue hacer una revisión bibliográfica actualizada con el fin de conocer las tasas de incidencia del tumor, los nuevos avances con respecto a los factores de riesgo, biología molecular, diagnóstico y tratamiento, y el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos en el manejo del melanoma avanzado y metastásico.
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 175:277-283 (1998) - doi:10.3354/meps175277 Relationship between sediment conditions and mangrove Rhizophora apiculata seedling growth and nutrient status Carlos M. Duarte1,*, Ole Geertz-Hansen2, Udomluck Thampanya3, Jorge Terrados1, Miguel D. Fortes4, Lars Kamp-Nielsen2, Jens Borum2, Somsak Boromthanarath3 1Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, CSIC, Camí de Santa Bárbara, s/n, E-17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain 2Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsingørsgade 51, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark 3Coastal Resources Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 4Marine Science Institute, University of The Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, The Philippines *E-mail: duarte@ceab.csic.es ABSTRACT: The growth rate and nutritional status of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings were analyzed across mangrove stands with different sediment composition in The Philippines and Southern Thailand. Plant growth differed 10-fold and the production of new leaves, roots and branches varied between 50- and 100-fold across sites. Most (>60%) of the variance in mangrove growth rate across systems could be accounted for by differences in the nutrient concentration of the leaves, which was in turn related to the interstitial nutrient concentration and the silt plus clay content of the sediments. Nutrient-poor coarse sediments were characteristic of mangroves located in the mouths of rivers draining small watersheds, while sediments at the mouths of large rivers had high silt, clay, and nutrient contents, thus allowing the development of nutrient-sufficient, fast-growing R. apiculata seedlings. The growth of R. apiculata seedlings increased significantly when the plants grew adjacent to rivers draining areas >10 km2. The results provide evidence that growth of R. apiculata seedlings at the edge of the progressing mangrove forests is often nutrient limited, and that the extent of nutrient limitation depends on the delivery of silt and nutrients from the rivers. The coastal zones adjacent to small (<10 km2) drainage areas seem unsuitable to support adequate growth of R. apiculata seedlings, and afforestation programmes should, therefore, target mud flats adjacent to large rivers instead. KEY WORDS: SE Asia · Mangrove growth · Nutrient status · Sediment nutrients · Watershed size Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 175. Publication date: December 17, 1998 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1998 Inter-Research.
Abstract Seagrasses are vital in coastal areas, offering crucial ecosystem services and playing a relevant role in coastal protection. The decrease in the density of Mediterranean seagrasses over recent decades, due to warming and anthropogenic stressors, may imply a serious environmental threat. Here we quantify the role of coastal impact reduction induced by seagrass presence under present and future climate. We focus in the Balearic Islands, a representative and well monitored region in the Mediterranean. Our results quantify how important the presence of seagrasses is for coastal protection. The complete loss of seagrasses would lead to an extreme water level (eTWL) increase comparable to the projected sea level rise (SLR) at the end of the century under the high end scenario of greenhouse gases emissions. Under that scenario, the eTWL could increase up to ~ 1.4 m, with 54% of that increase attributed to seagrass loss. These findings underscore the importance of seagrass conservation for coastal protection.
The fate of photosynthetic carbon in marine ecosystems dominated by different types of primary producers was examined by compiling published reports on herbivory, autotrophic respiration, decomposition, carbon storage, and export rates as fractions of net primary production (NPP) in ecosystems dominated by different types of autotrophs (i.e. oceanic and coastal phytoplankton, microphytobenthos, coral reef algae, macroalgae, seagrasses, marsh plants, and mangroves). A large fraction (>40%) of the NPP of marine ecosystems is decomposed within the system, except for microphytobenthos (decomposition, ∼25% of NPP). Herbivory tends to be highest for microalgae (planktonic and benthic, >40% of NPP) and macroalgae (33.6 ±4.9% of NPP) and is somewhat less for higher plants. Microphytobenthos export on average a much higher proportion of their NPP than do other microalgal communities, whereas marine macrophytes, except marsh plants, export a substantial proportion (24.3–43.5% on average) of their NPP. fraction of NPP stored in sediments is 4‐fold greater for higher plants (∼10–17% of NPP) than for algae (0.4–6% of NPP). On average, ∼90% of the phytoplankton NPP is used to support local heterotrophic metabolism (i.e. grazed or decomposed). This fraction is even higher in oceanic communities. Mangrove forests, and to a lesser extent seagrass meadows and macroalgal beds, produce organic carbon well in excess of the ecosystem requirements, with excess photosynthetic carbon (i.e. export rate plus storage) in these ecosystem representing ∼40% of NPP. Extrapolation of these results to the global ocean identifies marine angiosperms, which only contribute 4% of total ocean NPP, as major contributors of the NPP stored (30% of total ocean carbon storage) and subsequently buried in marine sediments. Consideration of burial of NPP from marine angiosperms should lead to estimates of total burial of marine NPP that exceed current estimates by 15–50%.
Abstract Rapid warming of the Mediterranean Sea threatens marine biodiversity, particularly key ecosystems already stressed by other impacts such as Posidonia oceanica meadows. A 6‐year monitoring of seawater temperature and annual P. oceanica shoot demography at Cabrera Archipelago National Park (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean) allowed us to determine if warming influenced shoot mortality and recruitment rates of seagrasses growing in relative pristine environments. The average annual maximum temperature for 2002–2006 was 1 °C above temperatures recorded in 1988–1999 (26.6 °C), two heat waves impacted the region (with seawater warming up to 28.83 °C in 2003 and to 28.54 °C in 2006) and the cumulative temperature anomaly, above the 1988–1999 mean annual maximum temperature, during the growing season (i.e. degree‐days) ranged between 0 °C in 2002 and 70 °C in 2003. Median annual P. oceanica shoot mortality rates varied from 0.067 year −1 in 2002 to 0.123 year −1 in 2003, and exceeded recruitment rates in all stations and years except in shallow stations for year 2004. Interannual fluctuations in shoot recruitment were independent of seawater warming ( P >0.05). P. oceanica meadows experienced a decline throughout the study period at an average rate of −0.050±0.020 year −1 . Interannual variability in P. oceanica shoot mortality was coupled ( R 2 >0.40) to seawater warming variability and increasing water depth: shoot mortality rates increased by 0.022 year −1 (i.e. an additional 2% year −1 ) for each additional degree of annual maximum temperature and by 0.001 year −1 (i.e. 0.1% year −1 ) for each accumulated degree water temperature remained above 26.6 °C during the growing season. These results demonstrate that P. oceanica meadows are highly vulnerable to warming, which can induce steep declines in shoot abundance as well indicating that climate change poses a significant threat to this important habitat.
A captação de doadores é tema primordial para a sustentabilidade de todos os centros produtores. Para segurança do sangue, foi estabelecido em nossa legislação de longa data a proibição de pagamentos para o ato de doação. Tornando a doação um ato de amor fundamentado em valores individuais. Assim, é de fundamental importância que sejam encontrados veículos de disseminação, dentro da sociedade local sobre a importância do ato de doação de sangue, o transformando em um hábito fundamentado em realização pessoal pelos valores humanistas, e de consciência social. Criar estratégias através de membros ativos da sociedade local que levem a disseminação da importância da doação de sangue, enaltecendo os valores sociais presentes nesse ato. Importante ressaltar que nosso Banco de Sangue fica localizado em uma cidade serrana no interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com 278.000 habitantes, de forma que os formadores de opinião locais têm uma alta capacidade de comunicação com a sociedade. Visitação e busca de membros ativos da sociedade a serem conscientizados através de palestras e informações sobre a importância e o modelo da doação de sangue, criando uma visualização, em forma de parceria, com a Titulação de PARCEIROS DA VIDA através das mídias locais realizadas pelo Banco de Sangue. Todas as artes de divulgação e lembranças relacionadas a doação foram desenvolvidas pelo Banco de Sangue através do Marketing da empresa com a coparticipação do profissional que se candidatou a ser um parceiro da vida. Todos os parceiros concordaram em serem avaliados em hombridade pelo Banco de Sangue. A estratégia foi criada e determinou-se a observação por 3 e 6 meses para entender se o projeto seria positivo com a mobilização de maior número de doadores e também de primeira vez. Observou-se o grande entusiasmo e orgulho individual de vários membros que entenderam o fundamento da ação e participaram do projeto. Foi observado uma busca espontânea de vários profissionais liberais e empresas querendo realizar a aderência ao projeto. Identificou-se um aumento de 15% no número de doações no primeiro trimestre e 20% no segundo semestre em comparação com o mesmo período do ano de 2022. Também observamos um aumento no número de doadores de primeira vez com 18 % no primeiro trimestre e 25 % no segundo semestre. O envolvimento da sociedade em cidades menores, aonde o reconhecimento individual é maior que nos grandes centros, pode ser uma importante estratégia de captação e perpetuação do ato de doação. A disseminação da importância da doação através de parceiros nas mídias foi positiva levando a maior empatia individual que se refletiu no coletivo social. Entendemos que essa estratégia de captação de doadores foi importante e significativa em números e representatividade dentro da nossa unidade de trabalho.
