Publications

The Role of the Pharmacist in Reducing Drug Waste and Improving Supply Chain Efficiency

Drug waste and inefficiencies in pharmaceutical supply chains contribute to significant economic losses and environmental harm. Pharmacists play a crucial role in minimizing drug waste through inventory optimization, proper medication management, and patient education. This paper explores strategies pharmacists can employ to enhance supply chain efficiency, reduce unnecessary drug disposal, and promote sustainable practices. Key interventions include just-in-time inventory systems, medication therapy management, and collaboration with healthcare providers. The findings highlight the pharmacist’s impact on cost savings, environmental sustainability, and improved patient outcomes.

Development and Testing of Zinc Oxide Embedded Sulfonated Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cells

The sol-gel technique was adopted to synthesize the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Nano-sized ZnO particles are embedded in-situ to the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix to form the nanocomposite polymeric membranes. The nanocomposite membranes were fabricated by varying concentration of ZnO nanoparticles of 2.5, 5, and 10 wt.% in the base PVA membrane matrix. The membranes were crosslinked using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) followed by hydrolysis and co-condensation. Immersion in a 2 molar sulphuric acid (H2SO4) bath produced sulfonated membranes. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fabricated nano-composite membranes are being evaluated for proton exchange membrane fuel cell research (PEMFC). The computed test results demonstrate that increasing the concentration of ZnO in the membrane increased the ionic exchange capacity and proton conductivity efficiency of the nano-composite membranes. The incorporation of a quantum quantity of ZnO particles in the membrane improved the presentation in terms of proton conductivity characteristics. Membranes demonstrated excellent proton conductivity (10−2 S cm−1 range) while consuming less hydrogen gas. The highest measured proton conductivity is observed for 10 wt.% ZnO embedded PVA membrane and the value is 15.321 × 10−2 S cm−1 for 100% RH. The combination of ZnO and PVA nanocomposite membrane is a novel, next-generation eco-friendly method that is economical and convenient for large-scale commercial production in fuel cell applications.

Enhanced Electrocatalysis for Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production over CoP Catalyst with Nonelectroactive Zn as a Promoter

As a non‐toxic species, Zn fulfills a multitude of biological roles, but its promoting effect on electrocatalysis has been rarely explored. Herein, the theoretic predications and experimental investigations that nonelectroactive Zn behaves as an effective promoter for CoP‐catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline media is reported. Density function theory calculations reveal that Zn doing leads to more thermal‐neutral hydrogen adsorption free energy and thus enhanced HER activity for CoP catalyst. Electrochemical tests show that a Zn 0.08 Co 0.92 P nanowall array on titanium mesh (Zn 0.08 Co 0.92 P/TM) needs overpotentials of only 39 and 67 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current of 10 mA cm ‐2 in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 and 1.0 m KOH, respectively. This Zn 0.08 Co 0.92 P/TM is also superior in activity over CoP/TM for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), driving 115 mA cm ‐2 at 0.6 V in 1.0 m KOH with 0.5 m urea. The high HER and UOR activity of this bifunctional electrode enables a Zn 0.08 Co 0.92 P/TM‐based two‐electrode electrolyzer for energy‐saving hydrogen production, offering 10 mA cm ‐2 at a low voltage of 1.38 V with strong long‐term electrochemical stability.

Synthesis of zero-valent Au nanoparticles on chitosan coated NiAl layered double hydroxide microspheres for the discoloration of dyes in aqueous medium

Epidemiology of kerosene poisoning in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis

Kerosene poisoning in Saudi Arabia predominantly affects young children and occurs in residential settings, with higher concentrations in northern regions during colder months. Public health interventions focusing on parental education, safe kerosene storage practices, and region-specific prevention strategies are essential to reduce the burden of kerosene poisoning and improve outcomes.

4-[(3,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3(2<i>H</i>)-one

The imino-carbon double-bond in the title Schiff base, C(20)H(21)N(3)O(3), has an E configuration; the six-membered aromatic substituent (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) is nearly coplanar with five-membered pyrazole substituent (r.m.s. deviation = 0.031 Å), the dihedral angle between the two systems being 11.4 (1)°]. The phenyl ring connected to the pyrazole ring is aligned at 45.5 (1)° with respect to this five-membered ring. The N atoms in the ring show pyramidal coordinations.

Correction to: Sustainable Green Chemical Processes and their Allied Applications

5-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole

The five-membered dihydro-pyrazole ring in the title compound, C(10)H(9)F(3)N(2)O, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.111 Å for all non-H atoms) and its phenyl substituent is aligned at an angle of 14.7 (2)°. Adjacent mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating ribbons running along the b axis of the monoclinic unit cell.

Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Triazine-Based Hydrazone Derivatives; A Comparative Experimental-Theoretical Study

We report here a comparative theoretical and experimental study of four triazine-based hydrazone derivatives. The hydrazones are synthesized by a three step process from commercially available benzil and thiosemicarbazide. The structures of all compounds were determined by using the UV-Vis., FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic techniques and finally confirmed unequivocally by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Experimental geometric parameters and spectroscopic properties of the triazine based hydrazones are compared with those obtained from density functional theory (DFT) studies. The model developed here comprises of geometry optimization at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. Optimized geometric parameters of all four compounds showed excellent correlations with the results obtained from X-ray diffraction studies. The vibrational spectra show nice correlations with the experimental IR spectra. Moreover, the simulated absorption spectra also agree well with experimental results (within 10-20 nm). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapped over the entire stabilized geometries of the compounds indicated their chemical reactivates. Furthermore, frontier molecular orbital (electronic properties) and first hyperpolarizability (nonlinear optical response) were also computed at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory.

Cathodic electrochemical activation of Co₃O₄ nanoarrays: a smart strategy to significantly boost the hydrogen evolution activity

Co(hydro)oxides show unsatisfactory catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, and it is thus highly desirable but still remains a challenge to design and develop Co(hydro)oxide derived materials as superb hydrogen-evolving catalysts using a facile, rapid and less energy-intensive method. Here, we propose a cathodic electrochemical activation strategy toward greatly boosted HER activity of a Co₃O₄ nanoarray via room-temperature cathodic polarization in sodium hypophosphite solution. After activation, the overpotential significantly decreases from 260 to 73 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in 1.0 M KOH. Notably, this activated electrode also shows strong long-term electrochemical durability with the retention of its catalytic activity at 100 mA cm^-2 for at least 40 h.

Influence of the Reaction Temperature on the Nature of the Active and Deactivating Species During Methanol-to-Olefins Conversion over H-SAPO-34

The selectivity toward lower olefins during the methanol-to-olefins conversion over H-SAPO-34 at reaction temperatures between 573 and 773 K has been studied with a combination of operando UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and online gas chromatography. It was found that the selectivity toward propylene increases in the temperature range of 573-623 K, while it decreases in the temperature range of 623-773 K. The high degree of incorporation of olefins, mainly propylene, into the hydrocarbon pool affects the product selectivity at lower reaction temperatures. The nature and dynamics of the active and deactivating hydrocarbon species with increasing reaction temperature were revealed by a non-negative matrix factorization of the time-resolved operando UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The active hydrocarbon pool species consist of mainly highly methylated benzene carbocations at temperatures between 573 and 598 K, of both highly methylated benzene carbocations and methylated naphthalene carbocations at 623 K, and of only methylated naphthalene carbocations at temperatures between 673 and 773 K. The operando spectroscopy results suggest that the nature of the active species also influences the olefin selectivity. In fact, monoenylic and highly methylated benzene carbocations are more selective to the formation of propylene, whereas the formation of the group of low methylated benzene carbocations and methylated naphthalene carbocations at higher reaction temperatures (i.e., 673 and 773 K) favors the formation of ethylene. At reaction temperatures between 573 and 623 K, catalyst deactivation is caused by the gradual filling of the micropores with methylated naphthalene carbocations, while between 623 and 773 K the formation of neutral poly aromatics and phenanthrene/anthracene carbocations are mainly responsible for catalyst deactivation, their respective contribution increasing with increasing reaction temperature. Methanol pulse experiments at different temperatures demonstrate the dynamics between methylated benzene and methylated naphthalene carbocations. It was found that methylated naphthalene carbocations species are deactivating and block the micropores at low reaction temperatures, while acting as the active species at higher reaction temperatures, although they give rise to the formation of extended hydrocarbon deposits.

Selective hydrazine sensor fabrication with facile low-dimensional Fe₂O₃/CeO₂nanocubes

Here, the binary-doped metal oxides of Fe₂O₃/CeO₂nanocubes were prepared using reliable hydrothermal process, which is applied to fabricate an efficient and selective hydrazine chemical sensor shows good analytical sensing performances as well as validated the sensor prove with the environmental and extracted real samples.

Synthesis and Electronic Absorption Spectra of New Coloring Matters Based on Donor-Conjugated- Acceptor Chromophores

New chromophores of the Donor-conjugated-acceptor types containing 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzene as the donor-conjugated group are prepared with different types of acceptors. The electronic spectra were investigated in ethanol and acetonitrile to assess the effect of solvatochromic properties of these new dyes. The relative strength of the acceptor in producing large bathochromic shift was illustrated. Tricyanovinyl is the best acceptor used in this study to produce a larger bathochromic shift of the visible absorption, where as the least acceptor used is diethyl malonate.

CCDC 1976272: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Environmentally Friendly, One-Pot Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticle-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites and Their Application to Photocurrent Generation

In this paper, we develop an environmentally friendly, one-pot strategy toward rapid preparation of Ag nanoparticle-decorated reducd graphene oxide (AgNPs/rGO) composites by heating the mixture of GO and AgNO(3) aqueous solution in the presence of sodium hydroxide at 80 °C under stirring. The reaction was accomplished within a short period of 10 min without extra reducing agent. As-synthesized AgNPs/rGO composites have been successfully applied in photocurrent generation in the visible spectral region.

Assembly of protonated mesoporous carbon nitrides with co-catalytic [Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ clusters for photocatalytic hydrogen production

The photocatalytic activity of protonated ordered mesoporous carbon nitride (pom-CN) was significantly improved by assembling anionic [Mo₃S₁₃]^2- clusters as cocatalysts onto the surface and channel of pom-CN via electrostatic interactions. This work demonstrates the feasibility of employing solution chemistry to assemble co-catalysts in the form of ionic clusters as building blocks into a photosynthetic architecture.

Flexible polyaniline-carbon nanofiber supercapacitor electrodes

3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-thiazolidinone

The 4-thiazolidinone 3 was prepared from the Schiff base 1 thioglycolic acid 2 [1,2].