In the present study, a polyvinyl chloride-based barium tungstate ion-exchange membrane was synthesized by sol–gel method. The structure of membrane was studied in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms crystalline form of the composite membrane without any other impurity. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis show the uniform arrangement of particles in the membrane with crack-free surface structure and presence of different functional groups of the organic-inorganic materials. The electrochemical properties like surface charge density ( D), transport number and mobility ratio of the ion-exchange composite membrane were theoretically evaluated and compared with observed values using “Teorell, Meyers and Sievers” method. Transport number follows the order as KCl <NaCl < LiCl < NH 4 Cl, while the surface charge density showed reversed order. The results showed that the low concentration of electrolytes favors the high mobility of univalent cation in the present study. The above result proves the analytical utility of polyvinyl chloride-based barium tungstate ion-exchange membrane in environmental management.
The facile hydrothermally synthesized (at low temperature, in alkaline medium of pH 10.5) nanosheets (NSs) of MnO<sub>2</sub>/Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SnO<sub>2</sub> are well crystalline-doped ternary metal oxides.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Nanocrystalline Tb4O7 was fabricated by the calcination of its precursor, which was prepared by the precipitation method using NaOH as a precipitant. The phase changes accompanying the thermal treatment of the terbium parent were monitored using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TGA). The Calcination was performed over the temperature range of 300-700 degrees C. The texture of the produced nanocrystalline Tb4O7 samples was investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and nitrogen adsorption measurements at -196 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the crystallite size of the obtained Tb4O7. The obtained results reveal that Tb4O7 with crystallites that measured 6-12 nm was formed at 400 degrees C. The crystallite size increased to 15-29 nm for the sample calcined at 700 degrees C. The electrical conductance properties of the different calcined samples were investigated over the temperature range of 150-500 degrees C. The electrical conductivity was observed to increase with the calcination temperature.
