Abstract We report the development of a cobalt phosphide nanoarray as an efficient and stable catalyst for the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media. Its high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity enables it to be used as a bifunctional catalyst for less energy‐intensive electrolytic hydrogen generation by replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction with HzOR. The corresponding two‐electrode electrolyzer using such a nanoarray as both the anode for HzOR and the cathode for HER only needs a cell voltage of 0.2 V to drive 10 mA cm −2 in 1.0 M KOH with 100 mM hydrazine, which is 1.45 V less than that for pure water splitting. This electrolyzer also shows strong long‐term electrochemical durability with nearly 100 % faradic efficiency for hydrogen evolution.
Background: In coronary lesions characterized by bifurcation anatomies, provisional side‐branch intervention is the preferred treatment approach. However, there is a well‐documented discrepancy between angiographic evaluations of blood flow obstruction and the actual functional severity of bifurcation lesions. Additionally, the use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) carries notable side effects primarily associated with the necessity of adenosine administration. Given the demonstrated noninferiority of the instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) compared to FFR, this study aimed to assess the clinical and functional benefits of iFR‐guided side‐branch ballooning which involving drug‐eluting balloon inflation in side branch in comparison to conventional intervention techniques for bifurcation lesions. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a total of 100 patients with coronary lesions characterized by bifurcation anatomies were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: the iFR‐based intervention group, which utilized only side‐branch intervention involving drug‐eluting balloon inflation, and the conventional intervention group. Both groups were monitored for 12 months postintervention to assess various clinical and functional endpoints. Results: In the iFR‐guided group, only 2 patients (4%) met the primary endpoint (a composite of target bifurcation‐related nonfatal myocardial infarction, target bifurcation revascularization, and any unplanned revascularization) compared to 10 patients (20%) in the conventional group ( p = 0.01). The study also demonstrated the superiority of iFR‐guided drug‐eluting balloon inflation in side branches over conventional interventional procedures for bifurcation lesions, as evidenced by a reduction in fluoroscopy time (mean difference [MD] = −8.9 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −15.6 to −2.1, p = 0.01), intervention duration (MD = −11.6 min, 95% CI = −20.5 to −2.8, p = 0.01), and length of hospital stay (MD = −1 day, 95% CI = −1.2 to −0.80, p < 0.0001). Additionally, the amount of contrast media used in the iFR‐guided intervention group was significantly lower than that in the conventional treatment group ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: iFR‐guided side‐branch intervention involving drug‐eluting balloon inflation in bifurcation lesions was significantly better when compared to conventional interventions in terms of clinical and functional outcomes in patients with coronary lesions characterized by bifurcation anatomies.
This Concept is aimed at describing the current state of the art in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase oxidations, focusing on three important substrates, namely, alkenes, alkanes and alcohols. Emphases are on the nature of active sites that have been incorporated within MOFs and on future targets to be set in this area. Thus, selective alkene epoxidation with peroxides or oxygen catalyzed by constitutional metal nodes of MOFs as active sites are still to be developed. Moreover, no noble metal-free MOF has been reported to date that can act as a general catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols. In contrast, in the case of alkanes, a target should be to tune the polarity of MOF internal pores to control the outcome of the autooxidation process, resulting in the selective formation of alcohol/ketone mixtures at high conversion.
A bis-chalcone has been synthesized by reaction of 3-acetyl-,5-dimethylthiophene and terephthalaldehyde in ethanolic NaOH at room temperature: (2E,2'E)-3,3-(1,4-phenylene)bis[1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-one] (3) was obtained in high yield. The structure of this compound was established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI-MS spectral analysis.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Herein we provide a detailed result about the effect of various additives, viz. inorganic salts, quaternary ammonium bromides (QABs) and amino acids on clouding behavior of amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT). The continuous increase in the cloud point (CP) of drug by increase in inorganic salt concentration and the magnitude of increases rely upon the position of the salts in Hofmeister series and hydrated radii. The QABs also influence continuous increase in the CP, which is illustrated in terms of the alkyl chain length of peculiar QAB. The effect of amino acids on CP of the drug solution is dependent upon the characteristics (acidic, basic, polar or nonpolar) of particular amino acids. The overall behavior of additives has been analyzed and discussed on the basis of electrostatic repulsion or interaction, micellar growth, and mixed micelle formation between the ingredients. In addition to this, thermodynamic parameters are also evaluated.
