Publications

Liquid crystalline behavior of polymeric materials is of considerable current interest in the last decades, but due to many different and distinct characteristics. Polyazomethines liquid crystalline polymers have received considerable attention due to their potential applications and considered as one of the most important liquid crystalline material produced. This review gives a simple introduction to liquid crystalline materials including definition and classification. Moreover, we will focus on the syntheses and properties of liquid crystalline polyazomethines with flexible spacers or hybrid liquid crystalline polyazomethines. Furthermore, give a general overview of thermotropic, mesophoric properties and texture observation for desired liquid crystalline polyazomethines were shown in details.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Abstract: This study aims to formulate and evaluate Fexofenadine Oral Disintegration Tablets (ODTs), focusing on overcoming patient compliance issues related to taste and swallowing difficulties, especially in elderly and pediatric patients. Fexofenadine, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, is used to enhance rapid dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability. Objectives included preparing tablets using direct compression and evaluating formulations through in-vitro tests such as weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, wetting time, dispersion time, disintegration time, and dissolution studies. FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the presence of principal peaks and interactions between drugs and polymers. Results indicated a strong correlation (r = 0.998) between fexofenadine concentration and absorbance values. Tablets exhibited weight and thickness within pharmacoeial limits, with hardness, friability, and drug content meeting acceptable standards. Wetting time and water absorption ratio varied among formulations, with Cross povidone and Croscarmellose sodium showing superior performance. Disintegration times ranged from 17.66±0.51 to 171.83±1.16 seconds, with tablet formulations containing Cross povidone or combinations of super disintegrants (CP + CCS, CP + SSG) demonstrating rapid disintegration. In-vitro dispersion and dissolution studies reaffirmed these findings, suggesting these ODT formulations can significantly improve patient adherence, providing a quick onset of action and enhanced drug bioavailability. Further studies are recommended to establish extended in vivo performance and safety profiles, supporting the efficacy of fexofenadine ODTs in clinical settings.

The structures of 5,5′-bis(naphth-2-yl)- 2,2′-bithiophene (NaT2), 5,5″-bis(naphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2′-terthiophene (NaT3), 5,5‴-bis(naphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴-tetrathiophene (NaT4), 5,5″″-bis(naphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴:5‴,2″″-quinquethiophene (NaT5) and 5,5′″″-bis(naphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴:5‴,2″″:5″″,2′″″-sexithiophene (NaT6) have been optimized at PBE1PBE/6-31G* level of theory. By increasing the chain length (thiophene units) energy gap decreases. The hole reorganization energy also decreases from NaT2–NaT6 . We have observed that mobility of NaT5 and NaT6 can be enhanced by minimizing the polarization and relaxation. The end-capped naphthyl groups have been rotated from 0°–60° in the case study of NaT2 , it was found that hole reorganization energy increases with the increment in angle. Furthermore the charge transport properties of 5,5′-bis(thionaphth-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene (TNT2), 5,5″-bis(thionaphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene (TNT3), and 5,5‴-bis(thionaphth-2-yl)-2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene (TNT4) have been investigated at the same level of theory. It has been studied that cis isomers have higher hole reorganization energies as compared to trans ones thus these isomers would diminish the mobility.

In this approach, a reliable 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) sensor probe was developed by applying differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) decorated with a wet-chemically prepared PbO-doped ZnO microstructures’ (MSs) electro-catalyst. The nanomaterial characterizing tools such as FESEM, XPS, XRD, UV-vis., and FTIR were used for the synthesized PbO-doped ZnO MSs to evaluate in detail of their optical, structural, morphological, functional, and elemental properties. The peak currents obtained in DPV analysis of 2,6-DNP using PbO-doped ZnO MSs/GCE were plotted against the applied potential to result the calibration of 2,6-DNP sensor expressed by ip(µA) = 1.0171C(µM) + 22.312 (R2 = 0.9951; regression co-efficient). The sensitivity of the proposed 2,6-DNP sensor probe obtained from the slope of the calibration curve as well as dynamic range for 2,6-DNP detection were found as 32.1867 µAµM−1cm−2 and 3.23~16.67 µM, respectively. Besides this, the lower limit of 2,6-DNP detection was calculated by using signal/noise (S/N = 3) ratio and found as good lowest limit (2.95 ± 0.15 µM). As known from the perspective of environment and healthcare sectors, the existence of phenol and their derivatives are significantly carcinogenic and harmful which released from various industrial sources. Therefore, it is urgently required to detect by electrochemical method with doped nanostructure materials. The reproducibility as well as stability of the working electrode duration, response-time, and the analysis of real environmental-samples by applying the recovery method were measured, and found outstanding results in this investigation. A new electrochemical research approach is familiarized to the development of chemical sensor probe by using nanostructured materials as an electron sensing substrate for the environmental safety (ecological system).

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the tuberculosis (TB) mobile teams on treatment outcomes in Riyadh Region by comparing patients who received treatment under mobile teams and those who did not, from 2013 to 2015. This was a retrospective descriptive study using National TB Control and Prevention Program data from 2013 to 2015 from Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize characteristics of TB case-patients served by mobile teams and those who were not served. The χ² test measured the significant differences between mobile-served and non-mobile-served case-patients. Exposure was whether or not the TB case-patient was under the care of the mobile team; the outcome of interest was whether or not treatment was successful, defined as treatment completed and cured. We found that the ratio of treatment success among mobile team case-patients was 1.28 greater than among those not served by mobile teams. The χ² test showed a statistically significant finding (probability ratio=1.28; 95% confidence interval=1.21-1.35, p<0.01). Mobile teams increased the treatment success rate to 92%, compared to 71.77% among those not served by mobile teams. This study shows that community mobilization of mobile teams is an effective strategy to enhance TB treatment, reduced mortality and loss to follow-up and improve TB treatment outcomes.

(4<italic>Z</italic>)-4-[(9-Ethyl-9<italic>H</italic>-carbazol-3-yl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4<italic>H</italic>)-one (ECPO) was prepared by the one-pot multi-component reaction of 9-ethyl-9<italic>H</italic>-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, hippuric acid, anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride under microwave irradiation.

Herein, a newly developed non-noble metal water splitting catalyst based on NiCuCoS3 was reported. Water splitting catalysts are largely developed with noble-based transition metals to lower the energy requirement for the overall water splitting reactions. However, the high cost of precious metal-based catalyst necessitated ongoing search for cheap and efficient oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts. NiCuCoS3 were prepared by solventless solid state method and was well characterized by several techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared red spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS). The as-prepared NiCuCoS3 was applied for water splitting activities with satisfactory performance. The onset for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH was noticed at the electrode potential E = 1.78 V/RHE (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode corresponding to an overpotential η = 0.55 V, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 obtained at E = 1.92 V/RHE (η = 0.69 V). Similarly, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurred at an onset of E = −0.58 V/RHE, with a current density of 10 mA/cm2 obtained at E = 0.60 V/RHE (with η equal to E vs. RHE for the HER). Likewise, OER and HER had Tafel slopes (130 mV/dec and −116 mV/dec respectively). The developed catalyst also showed high stability as established by linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. This approach is seen as the right track of making water electrolysis for hydrogen energy feasible through provision of low-energy requirement for electrolytic process.

In the title compound C(8)H(6)BrN(3)O, the benzotriazole ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0034 Å) and the bromo-acetyl unit is twisted at a dihedral angle of 15.24 (16)° with respect to it. In the crystal, pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bondings result in the formation of inversion dimers, forming R(2) (2)(12) rings, which are connected by further C-H⋯O inter-actions into chains extending along the b-axis direction.