Publications

ISHS VIII International Symposium on Canopy, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems NEW PEAR ROOTSTOCKS FROM DRESDEN-PILLNITZ

The focus of this paper is on the neural network modeling approach that has gained increasing recognition in GIScience in recent years. The novelty about neural networks lies in their ability to model non-linear processes with few, if any, a priori assumptions about the nature of the data-generating process. The paper discusses some important issues that are central for successful application development. The scope is limited to feedforward neural networks, the leading example of neural networks. It is argued that failures in applications can usually be attributed to inadequate learning and/or inadequate complexity of the network model. Parameter estimation and a suitably chosen number of hidden units are, thus, of crucial importance for the success of real world neural network applications. The paper views network learning as an optimization problem, reviews two alternative approaches to network learning, and provides insights into current best practice to optimize complexity so to perform well on generalization tasks.

The aim of the Pillnitz apple breeding is to combine improvements in fruit quality + yield + resistance to different pathogens in new cultivars. Early-, mi

Zusammenfassung Bei entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen stellt die Radiosynoviorthese (RSO) eine seit langem gut etablierte Therapieoption dar, und auch in der Therapie der pigmentierten villonodulären Synovitis spielt die RSO eine Rolle. Bei dieser Therapie kommen die Betastrahler 90Y, 169Er und 186Re zur intraartikulären Applikation zur Anwendung. Die hierfür verwendeten Radiopharmaka sind seit vielen Jahren zugelassen und kommerziell erhältlich. Dieser Artikel fasst Informationen über die Herstellung der Radionuklide sowie die Produktion, Zulassung und Distribution der Radiopharmaka zusammen.

The paper sheds some light on the issue of geographically mediated knowledge spillovers from university research activities to regional knowledge production in high tech industries in Austria. Knowledge spillovers occur because knowledge created by university is typically not contained within that institution, and thereby creates value for others. The conceptual framework for analysing geographic spillovers of university research on regional knowledge production is derived from Griliches (1979). It is assumed that knowledge production in the high tech sectors essentially depends on two major sources of knowledge: the university research that represents the potential pool of knowledge spillovers and R&D performed by the high tech sectors themselves. Knowledge is measured in terms of patents, university research and R&D in terms of expenditures. We refine the standard knowledge production function by modelling research spillovers as a spatially discounted external stock of knowledge. This enables us to capture regional and interregional spillovers. Using district-level data and employing spatial econometric tools evidence is found of university research spillovers that transcend the geographic scale of the political district in Austria. It is shown that geographic boundedness of the spillovers is linked to a decay effect. (authors' abstract)

The need to account for spatial autocorrelation is well known in spatial analysis. Many spatial statistics and spatial econometric texts detail the way spatial autocorrelation can be identified and modelled in the case of object and field data. The literature on spatial autocorrelation is much less developed in the case of spatial interaction data. The focus of interest in this paper is on the problem of spatial autocorrelation in a spatial interaction context. The paper aims to illustrate that eigenfunction-based spatial filtering offers a powerful methodology that can efficiently account for spatial autocorrelation effects within a Poisson spatial interaction model context that serves the purpose to identify and measure spatial separation effects to interregional knowledge spillovers as captured by patent citations among high-technology-firms in Europe.

No abstract is provided for this article.

We develop an empirical approach to examine static and dynamic knowledge externalities in the context of a regional total factor productivity relationship. Static externalities refer to current period scale or industry-size effects which have been labeled localization externalities or region-size effects known as agglomeration externalities. Dynamic externalities refer to the relationship between accumulated or prior period knowledge and current levels of innovation, where past learning-by-doing makes innovation positively related to cumulative production over time. Our empirical specification allows for the presence of both static and dynamic externalities, and provides a way to assess the relative magnitude of spillovers associated with spillovers from these two types of knowledge externalities. The magnitude of own-region impacts and other-region (spillovers) can be assessed using scalar summary measures of the own- and cross-partial derivatives from the model. We find evidence supporting the presence of dynamic externalities as well as static, and our estimates suggest that dynamic externalities may have a larger magnitude of impact than static externalities.

Die nuklearmedizinische palliative Schmerztherapie stellt eine nebenwirkungsarme, ergänzende Behandlungsoption im Gesamtspektrum der Schmerztherapie bei Patienten mit einer multilokulär osteoblastischen Metastasierung vieler Primärtumoren dar. Sie zeichnet sich durch einen raschen Einsatz der Schmerzlinderung und durch lang anhaltende Wirkung aus. Vorläufige Berechnungen weisen auf eine günstige Kosten-Nutzen-Relation hin. Durch die nuklearmedizinische palliative Schmerztherapie bessert sich bei Patienten mit metastasiertem Mamma- oder Prostatakarzinom die Schmerzsymptomatik in 70–80%, bei anderen Primärtumoren weniger häufig <xref idref="R0457-0007">7</xref> <xref idref="R0457-0010">10</xref>. Völlig schmerzfrei werden nur wenige Patienten. Eine medikamentöse Basistherapie ist bei den meisten Tumorpatienten weiterhin erforderlich. Insgesamt zeichnet sich die Therapie durch eine hohe Akzeptanz bei den Patienten aus, da es sich bei der Verwendung von ⁸⁹Strontium oder ¹⁵³Samarium um eine einmalige intravenöse Applikation handelt. Aktuelle Studien zum kombinierten Einsatz von Radionukliden und Chemotherapie bzw. die klinischen Daten der Anwendung von ²²³Radium belegen weitere Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der systemischen Radionuklidtherapie von einer rein palliativen Behandlung hin zu tumoriziden Effekten mit signifikanter Lebensverlängerung der betroffenen Patienten.

Several explanations have been offered for the slow down of the world economy since the early 1970s and the international recessions of the mid 1970s and early 1980s: the destruction of the international monetary system when the Bretton-Woods regime of fixed exchange...

The strategy of the European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) to avoid severe accident conditions is based on the improved defense-in-depth approaches of the French “N4” and the German “Konvoi” plants. In addition, the EPR takes measures, at the design stage, to drastically limit the consequences of a postulated core-melt accident. The latter requires a strengthening of the confinement function and a significant reduction of the risk of short- and long-term containment failure. Scenarios with potentially high mechanical loads and large early releases like: high-pressure RPV failure, global hydrogen detonation, and energetic steam explosion must be prevented. The remaining low-pressure sequences are mitigated by dedicated measures that include hydrogen recombination, sustained heat removal out of the containment, and the stabilization of the molten core in an ex-vessel core catcher located in a compartment lateral to the pit. The spatial separation protects the core catcher from loads during RPV failure and, vice versa, eliminates concerns related with its unintended flooding during power operation. To make the relocation of the melt into the core catcher scenario-independent and robust against the uncertainties associated with in-vessel molten pool formation and RPV failure, the corium is temporarily retained, accumulated and conditioned in the pit during interaction with a sacrificial concrete layer. Spreading of the accumulated molten pool is initiated by penetrating a concrete plug in the bottom. The increase in surface-to-volume ratio achieved by the spreading process strongly enhances quenching and cool-down of the melt after flooding. The required water is passively drained from the IRWST. After availability of the containment heat removal system the steam from the boiling pool is re-condensed by sprays. The CHRS can also optionally cool the core catcher directly, which, in consequence, establishes a sub-cooled pool near-atmospheric pressure levels in the containment. The described concept rests on a large experimental knowledge base which covers all main phenomena involved, including melt interaction with structural material, melt spreading, melt and quenching, as well as the efficacy of the core catcher cooling. Besides giving an overview of the EPR core melt mitigation concept, the paper summarizes its R&amp;D bases and describes which conclusions have been drawn from the various experimental projects and how these conclusions are used in the validation of the EPR concept.

Spatial interaction models of the types discussed in the previous chapter take the view that inclusion of a spatial separation function between origin and destination locations is adequate to capture any spatial dependence in the sample data. LeSage and Pace (J Reg...

Manufacturing firms in Europe have come under increasing pressure in recent years. This pressure arises from three major phenomena and processes that are affecting the entrepreneurial environment: first, the transition from internationalisation to globalisation,...