Publications

S-genotyping Supports the Genetic Relationships between Turkish and Hungarian Apricot Germplasm

The S -genotypes of a set of Turkish and Hungarian apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of their S - RNase intron regions. In addition, the S -genotyping method was extended to the SFB gene to detect the non-functional S C -haplotype and hence reliably identify self-compatible apricot cultivars. We determined the complete S -genotype of 51 cultivars and the partial S -genotype of four cultivars. A total of 32 different S -genotypes were assigned to the 51 cultivars, and many of them (28) were classified into newly established cross-incompatibility groups III through XIV. Another 12 cultivars demonstrated unique incompatible genotypes and seven self-compatible cultivars were identified in the examined accessions. The fact that Turkish and Hungarian apricot cultivars carry 12 and five S -alleles, respectively, and all five alleles detected in Hungarian cultivars were also present in Turkish apricots furnished molecular evidence supporting the long-suspected historical connection between Hungarian and Turkish apricots. The connection between these two gene pools appeared to be relatively recent and associated with historical events dating back 300 years. Our results confirm that Turkish germplasm contributed considerably to the development of several desirable Hungarian apricot cultivars. Results suggest that the mutation rendering the S C -haplotype non-functional might have occurred somewhere east of central Turkey.

Climate change impacts and product lines

This paper summarizes the main effects of extreme weather events on agricultural production and demonstrates their economic consequences. For cost-benefit analysis of economic impacts and for determination of risk levels simulation models are needed that contains the relationship between product line levels and elements. WIN-SIM model is developed for this goal, specialized for wine production. The model is suitable to analyze the market share, the cost and income relations as well as the relation structure of the product lines. The four levels of the model (site, vine growing, wine production and wine market levels) have individual values added from the aspect of end product, where the product line sets out from the site level and gets through the levels up to the consumer segments. Theoretically, all elements can be connected to any element of the next level and sublevel, but there are “prohibited contacts” because of professional, regulation or production practice reasons.

Identification, Structural and Functional Characterization of Dormancy Regulator Genes in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

In the present study, we identified and characterized the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) homologs of three dormancy-related genes, namely the ParCBF1 (C-repeat binding factor), ParDAM5 (dormancy-associated MADS-BOX) and ParDAM6 genes. All highly conserved structural motifs and the 3D model of the DNA-binding domain indicate an unimpaired DNA-binding ability of ParCBF1. A phylogenetic analysis showed that ParCBF1 was most likely homologous to Prunus mume and Prunus dulcis CBF1. ParDAM5 also contained all characteristic domains of the type II (MIKCC) subfamily of MADS-box transcription factors. The homology modelling of protein domains and a phylogenetic analysis of ParDAM5 suggest its functional integrity. The amino acid positions or small motifs that are diagnostic characteristics of DAM5 and DAM6 were determined. For ParDAM6, only a small part of the cDNA was sequenced, which was sufficient for the quantification of gene expression. The expression of ParCBF1 showed close association with decreasing ambient temperatures in autumn and winter. The expression levels of ParDAM5 and ParDAM6 changed according to CBF1 expression rates and the fulfilment of cultivar chilling requirements. The concomitant decrease of gene expression with endodormancy release is consistent with a role of ParDAM5 and 6 genes in dormancy induction and maintenance. Cultivars with higher chilling requirements and delayed flowering time showed higher expression levels of ParDAM5 and ParDAM6 toward the end of endodormancy. Differences in the timing of anther developmental stages between early- and late-flowering cultivars and two dormant seasons confirmed the genetically and environmentally controlled mechanisms of dormancy release in apricot generative buds. These results support that the newly identified apricot gene homologs have a crucial role in dormancy-associated physiological mechanisms.

Evaluation of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and European plum (Prunus domestica L.) varieties for making dried fruits

The aim of our drying trials was to determine the drying suitability of stone fruits. The tested species were sour and sweet cherries and European plums too. Data and results of sweet cherry drying were published earlier (Klincsek et. al. 2005, 2006).This article containing results of twenty sour cherry and six European plum varieties. Laboratory tests, drying processes and sensory testing were done at Fruit Quality Testing Laboratory of Fruit Science Department of Corvinus University of Budapest. The sensory tests and their valuations were done by the instruction of National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control. In the case of sour cherries by one year data in 2004 we divided fruits to five categories by suitability for making dried fruit. Varieties in the first two groups are the followings: most suggested for making dried, fruits: 'Meteor korai' and `Érdi jubileum'; suggested: 'IV-3-48' and `Piramis'.In the case of European plums three varieties can be suggested for making dried fruits from the six tested cultivars: ‘Révfülöpi’, Althann gage' and `Besztercei'.

Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolics Content of <i>Phyllostachys</i> Taxa Shoots

Review of the molecular genetics of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits

Fruits are rich sources of flavonoid polyphenolic compounds that seem to be associated with favourable healtheffects. Commonalities and differences are well known in the flavonoid contents of different fruit crops, which suggest alterations in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of fruit tissues. This review aims to collect data from molecular genetic studies on the structural and regulatory genes in grape, berries, citrus, pomes and stone fruits to get impression on the state of the art of this field of science. Results indicate that the expression of flavonoid genes is a genotype-dependent and developmentally regulated process. In addition, genetic alterations resulting in specific changes in flavonoid composition are also highlighted. Analysis of colour mutants of grape, bilberry and orange identified the genes responsible for the altered phenotype, and this strategy might offer valuable tools to identify several other candidate genes in different fruits. The application of such data is also discussed in relation with the development of molecular markers.

Sexual incompatibility in Rosaceae fruit tree species: molecular interactions and evolutionary dynamics

Fruit crops have a growing economic importance worldwide and molecular genetics might be useful in solving many problems that arise during commercial production. One of the fields that have attracted intense attention is the molecular basis of self-incompatibility that may result in low fruit set. In tree fruits of the Rosaceae family, the incompatibility reactions take place between the pistil S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) and the pollen-expressed S-haplotype specific F-box (SFB) proteins. In most cases, the loss of self-incompatibility was associated with mutations in the S-RNase or SFB genes. A total of 27 non-functional S-haplotypes have been identified and characterized, most (24) of which emerged as a consequence of natural mutations. In the Prunoideae, most haplotypes are pollen-part mutants (50 %), while 8 are stylar-part mutants (36 %), one haplotype shows both pollen- and stylar-part mutations, and molecular changes for two haplotypes still have not been clarified. In contrast, non-functional natural haplotypes in the Maloideae are all stylar-part mutants. The analysis of such mutants may shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms as was the case with the establishment of the general inhibitor model that describes interactions between pollen and pistil S-proteins. However, several other molecules were supposed to contribute to the molecular interactions, at least in Solanaceae, a family with a similar self-incompatibility system. This review also endeavours to delineate the evolutionary implications of the S-locus mutations and collect limited data on non-S-locus molecular interactions and signaling events after self- and cross-pollination of fruit tree species.

Antioxidant characterization of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and hybrids

This report forms a part in our long-term study dedicated to reveal the antioxidant properties of apricot fruits through several years. Nineteen apricot cultivars and 8 hybrids were comparatively analysed. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity showed a good correlation. The tested cultivars and hybrids could be arranged in three groups representing different antioxidant activities, 12 entries were involved in the group with relatively low antioxidant capacity (FRAP value < 1500 mmol/L); 10 accessions were classified in the group with medium antioxidant capacity (1500 mmol/L < FRAP value < 3000 mmol/L); and 5 genotypes were grouped to the category of high antioxidant value (FRAP > 3000 mmol/L). `Morden 604' produced a surpassingly outstanding antioxidant character. H-donating ability has further supported our results. Phenolic substances were accumulated and ferric reducing ability was increased in the ripe fruits compared to the unripe ones. High levels of variations in the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity in of apricot fruits were revealed in this study. Environment, year or rootstocks may also influence the antioxidant properties of fruits. however it seems to be convincing that crossing parents with outstanding antioxidant character can produce hybrids with higher antioxidant capacity. Hungarian apricots are widely appreciated for their premium flavour and — as it was evidenced in this study — for their relatively good antioxidant properties. However, delicious fruits should be made functional foods having beneficial health effects through accumulating large amounts of antioxidant molecules in the fruit flesh.

Horst Naumann unter Mitwirkung von Gerhard Schlimpert und Johannes Schultheis: Vornamen heute. Fragen und Antworten zur Vornamengebung. VEB Bibliographisches Institut. Leipzig, 1979. 102 p.

Retraction Note: Comparison of traditional and new generation DNA markers declares high genetic diversity and differentiated population structure of wild almond species

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72522-x.

Application of and correlation among antioxidant and antiradical assays for characterizing antioxidant capacity of berries

Hungary

Hungary is located halfway between Nordic Countries where forests have a dominant wood production function, and Southern European countries with an emphasised protective function of forests. When role of forests in economic development is considered, Hungary is also halfway between developing countries which rely on natural resources to a large extent, and developed countries which mostly focus on the protection and conservation of their forests. As a result of this midway position, Hungarian forest policy focuses on finding a balance between economic and protective functions of forest utilisation. However, economic role of forest is often underestimated: ordinary people or even experts emphasise the importance of environmental factors against economic issues. This general opinion indicates that direction of forest policy will turn toward a more natural management in the long run, but economic factors of forestry cannot be neglected in the forthcoming years. In private forests, conflicts between personal and public interest also have to be taken into consideration.

Changes of the mineral element composition of the grape juice with the application of yield regulation in the vineyard practice.

Transgenic tobacco plants overproducing alfalfa aldose/aldehyde reductase show higher tolerance to low temperature and cadmium stress

Lájkok, megosztások, megoszlások : A közösségi média stratégia hatása a célcsoportra

How does the S-locus determining self-incompatibility in stone fruits work in self-compatible peach?

The majority of stone fruit species are self-incompatible, a feature that is determined by a specific recognition mechanism between the S-ribonuclease enzymes residing in the pistils and the F-box proteins expressed in the pollen tubes. Failure in the function of any component of this bipartite system resulted in self-compatibility (SC) in many cultivars of Prunus species. Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) is the only species in the Prunoideae subfamily that is traditionally known to be self-compatible, but its molecular background is completely unknown. Isoelectric focusing and S-gene specific PCR revealed that SC is not due to functional inability of pistil ribonucleases. We hypothesize that SC may be a consequence of a kind of pollen-part mutation or the action of one or more currently unknown modifier gene(s). Only two S-alleles were identified in a set of peach genotypes of various origin and phenotypes in contrast to the 17–30 alleles described in self-incompatible fruit trees. Most important commercial cultivars carry the same S-allele and are in a homozygote state. This indicates the common origin of these cultivars and also the consequence of self-fertilization. According to the available information, this is the first report to elucidate the role of S-locus in the fertilization process of peach.

Yield, pollination aspects and kernel qualities of almond (Prunus dulcis) selections trialed in the southern San Joaquin valley.

MINERAL ELEMENT CONTENT IN FRUITS OF SOME DIFFERENT APRICOT (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) CULTIVARS, WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON SELENIUM AND ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

The climatic features of some regions of Hungary provide great opportunity for apricot cultivation. A majority of apricot fruit is harvested in the northern part of the country. The most important traditional cultivars include ‘Gonci magyar kajszi’, ‘Cegledi orias’ and ‘Bergeron’. The element content of six different apricot cultivars (‘Goldrich’, ‘Cegledi orias’, ‘Aurora’, ‘Gonci Magyar kajszi’, ‘Magyar kajszi C.235’ and ‘Orange Red’) was examined in this study. The total element content was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Selenium content was determined by polarography. From geographical point of view there is a wide variation in the selenium content of fruits. Apricot cultivars show great variations in element contents. It was determined that apricot contains a low quantity from most elements and daily requirements may not be covered by consumption of 300 g fresh apricot. Although they might be good sources of some essential elements. On the basis of RDA and DRI each examined apricot cultivar proved to be a good source of potassium; ‘Gonci Magyar kajszi’ and ‘Cegledi orias’ for manganese, ‘Aurora’ for manganese, potassium and copper. ‘Aurora’ fruits contain the most outstanding element concentrations (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and S). An outstanding content of potassium (ranged from 2127 to 4175 mg kg -1 fresh weight) was measured in fruits of all tested cultivars. Although non-essential elements such as B and Al were also present in multiple DRI quantities in samples.