6,332 publications from this institution
SUMMARY We use observations of earthquake source parameters over a wide magnitude range (M W ∼ 0‐7) to place constraints on constitutive fault weakening. The data suggest a scale dependence of apparent stress and stress drop; both may increase slightly with earthquake size. We show that this scale dependence need not imply any difference in fault zone properties for different sized earthquakes. We select 30 earthquakes well-recorded at 2.5 km depth at Cajon Pass, California. We use individual and empirical Green’s function spectral analysis to improve the resolution of source parameters, including static stress drop (�σ ) and total slip (S). We also measure radiated energy E S .W ecompare the Cajon Pass results with those from larger California earthquakes including aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and confirm the results of Abercrombie (1995): µE S/M 0 � �σ (where µ = rigidity) and both E S/M 0 and �σ increase as M 0 (and S) increases. Uncertainties remain large due to model assumptions and variations between possible models, and earthquake scale independence is possible within the resolution. Assuming that the average trends are real, we define a quantity G � = (�σ − 2µES/M 0)S/ 2w hich is the total energy dissipation in friction and fracture minus σ 1 S ,w here σ 1 is the final static stress. If σ 1 = σ d, the dynamic shear strength during the last increments of seismic slip, then G � = G, the fracture energy in a slip-weakening interpretation of dissipation.
Health effects of dietary fats have been extensively studied for decades. However, controversies exist on the effects of various types of fatty acids, especially saturated fatty acid (SFA), on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current evidence supports that different types of dietary fatty acids have divergent effects on CVD risk, and the effects also depend strongly on the comparison or replacement macronutrient. A significant reduction in CVD risk can be achieved if SFAs are replaced by unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intake of industrially produced trans fat is consistently associated with higher CVD risk. Both n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with lower CVD risk, although the effects of fish oil supplementation remains inconsistent. The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans place greater emphasis on types of dietary fat than total amount of dietary fat and recommend replacing SFAs with unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids for CVD prevention.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Abstract Two soft lithographic techniques—topographically directed photolithography (TOP) and near‐field contact‐mode photolithography—have been used to pattern spherical surfaces with features as small as 175 nm. Each technique has the ability to pattern more than a 60° arc of a spherical surface, albeit with distortions at the edge. Use as an optical polarizer demonstrates an application of these types of patterned surface.
Obesity, a major public health concern, is a multifactorial disease caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Although recent genome-wide association studies have identified many loci related to obesity or body mass index, the identified variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of obesity. Better understanding of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors is the basis for developing effective personalized obesity prevention and management strategies. This article reviews recent advances in identifying gene-environment interactions related to obesity and describes epidemiological designs and newly developed statistical approaches to characterizing and discovering gene-environment interactions on obesity risk.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the Binding of Ligands Containing the N-2,4-dinitrophenyl Group to Bivalent Monoclonal Rat Anti-DNP Antibody Using Affinity Capillary ElectrophoresisMathai. Mammen, Frank A. Gomez, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 19, 3526–3535Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00115a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00115a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of high carbon materials from acetylenic precursors. Preparation of aromatic monomers bearing multiple ethynyl groupsThomas X. Neenan and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2489–2496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6904Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous, platinum-catalyzed hydrogenations of (diolefin)dialkylplatinum(II) complexesT. Randall Lee and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 6, 266–272Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00018a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00018a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract Type 2 diabetes rates vary significantly across geographic regions. These differences are sometimes assumed to be entirely driven by differential distribution of environmental triggers, including obesity and insufficient physical activity (IPA). In this review, we discuss data which conflicts with this supposition. We carried out a secondary analysis of publicly available data to unravel the relative contribution of obesity and IPA towards diabetes risk across different populations. We used sex-specific, age-standardized estimates from Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) on diabetes (1980–2014) and obesity (1975–2016) rates, in 200 countries, and from WHO on IPA rates in 168 countries in the year 2016. NCD-RisC and WHO organized countries into nine super-regions. All analyses were region- and sex-specific. Although obesity has been increasing since 1975 in every part of the world, this was not reflected in a proportional increase in diabetes rates in several regions, including Central and Eastern Europe, and High-income western countries region. Similarly, the association of physical inactivity with diabetes is not homogeneous across regions. Countries from different regions across the world could have very similar rates of diabetes, despite falling on opposite ends of IPA rate spectrum. The combined effect of obesity and IPA on diabetes risk was analyzed at the worldwide and country level. The overall findings highlighted the larger impact of obesity on disease risk; low IPA rates do not seem to be protective of diabetes, when obesity rates are high. Despite that, some countries deviate from this overall observation. Sex differences were observed across all our analyses. Overall, data presented in this review indicate that different populations, while experiencing similar environmental shifts, are apparently differentially subject to diabetes risk. Sex-related differences observed suggest that males and females are either subject to different risk factor exposures or have different responses to them.
