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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of affinity capillary electrophoresis to measure binding constants of ligands to proteinsYen Ho Chu, Luis Z. Avila, Hans A. Biebuyck, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 15, 2915–2917Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00093a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00093a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views836Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

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Elevated plasma HO-1 concentration is significantly associated with increased ORs for IGR. However, its clinical utility should be validated in further studies, especially in prospective cohort studies.

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. However, the role of metformin, the first-line anti-diabetic drug, in breast cancer carcinogenesis has not been elucidated completely. We aimed to examine further the association between the use of metformin and other anti-diabetic medication and breast cancer incidence within two large prospective cohort studies. Methods: We followed 184,437 women who participated in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS;1994-2016) and the NHSII (1995-2017), with the baseline tied to the date metformin was introduced into the United States market. Information on T2D diagnosis, metformin, and other anti-diabetic medication, and other covariates were self-reported at baseline and repeatedly assessed by follow-up questionnaires every two to four years. Breast cancer cases were self-reported and confirmed by medical record review. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between metformin/other anti-diabetic medication use and breast cancer incidence were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During 3,412,366 person-years of follow-up, we ascertained 9,442 incident invasive breast cancer cases, of which 720 were among women with T2D. Compared with women without T2D (n=168,498), similar risks of developing breast cancer were observed among those who ever used metformin (HR =0.95; 95%CI=0.79-1.13) and among those who received medications other than metformin (HR =1.11; 95%CI=0.91-1.37). Among women with T2D (n=15,939), compared with never metformin users, ever use of metformin overall was not associated with breast cancer (HR =0.90; 95%CI=0.72-1.13), but a lower risk of breast cancer was observed among past metformin users (HR =0.72; 95%CI=0.52-0.99). Longer duration of metformin use was not associated with risk of breast cancer (each 2-year interval: HR =0.98; 95%CI=0.93-1.03, p-trend=0.32). However, among women with substantial weight increase since age 18 (>25 kg), greater than 5 years of metformin use was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (HR =0.62; 95%CI=0.43-0.89). Conclusion: Although we observed inverse associations among past metformin users, similar associations were not found among current users. Overall, metformin use was not strongly associated with the risk of developing breast cancer among the general cohort population or among women with T2D. Citation Format: Tengteng Wang, Jae H. Kang, Boyang Chai, Wendy Y. Chen, Michelle D. Holmes, Jennifer Erdrich, Edward L. Giovannucci, Frank B. Hu, Bernard A. Rosner, Rulla M. Tamimi, Walter C. Willett, A. Heather Eliassen. Metformin and other anti-diabetic medication use and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses’ Health Studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5902.

Background: A number of individual metabolites have been identified for their relationship with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We sought to evaluate a pattern of T2D metabolites to estimate the collective impact of these markers on elevating the risk of progression to T2D among high risk women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: We conducted a prospective nested case-control study among women with a history of GDM in the Nurses’ Health Study II longitudinal cohort. Three panels of plasma metabolites were assayed via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy among 175 T2D cases and 175 controls, matched for age and fasting status at blood draw in 1997-1999. Incident type 2 diabetes cases occurred a median of 7 years after blood collection (range 1-15 years). Based on the published literature, we identified 38 metabolites associated with T2D and available among our measured panels, including branched-chain and other amino acids, lipids, and others. Metabolite levels were log-transformed and standardized. We derived a T2D MET SCORE, summing across the points corresponding to individuals’ assigned quintile level for each of the 38 metabolites. We estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of the T2D MET SCORE with incident T2D risk using multivariable conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for age, fasting status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and other established T2D risk factors. Results: Cases and controls were on average 43 years at blood draw with a mean of BMI 28.6 kg/m 2 . In the model adjusted for age and fasting status, the T2D MET SCORE was significantly associated with a step-wise increase in T2D risk across quartiles (Q1: [reference]; Q2: OR=2.5 CI=1.2, 5.6; Q3: OR=7.0 CI=3.2, 15.2; Q4: OR=10.9 CI=4.7, 24.9). Adjusting for BMI and other risk factors attenuated the relationship, although the score remained significantly associated with T2D risk (Q4 vs. Q1: OR=7.2 CI=2.5, 20.3). The T2D MET SCORE was associated with T2D risk among both obese and non-obese women (p for interaction=0.4). A BCAA sub-score (3 metabolites) and a lipid sub-score (16 metabolites) were also positively associated with T2D risk (BCAA Q4 vs. Q1: OR=3.5 CI=1.4, 8.8; lipids Q4 vs. Q1: OR=3.6 CI=1.4, 9.1). Conclusions: A pattern of high-risk circulating metabolites is significantly associated with progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes later in life.

Whether chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases causally affect the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is controversial. We characterized the relationship between inflammatory diseases and risk of AD and explored the role of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in the relationships between inflammatory diseases and AD.

Abstract Background Several psychological symptoms in adolescence associate with later development of psychosis. However, it is unclear which symptoms specifically predict psychotic disorders rather than psychiatric disorders in general. We conducted a prospective study comparing how specific adolescent psychotic‐like symptoms, predicted psychotic and non‐psychotic hospital‐treated psychiatric disorders in the population‐based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). Methods At age 15–16 years, 6632 members of the NFBC1986 completed the PROD‐screen questionnaire. New hospital‐treated mental disorders of the NFBC1986 participants were detected between age 17 and 30 years from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. Multiple covariates were used in the analysis. Results During the follow‐up, 1.1% of the participants developed a psychotic and 3.2% a non‐psychotic psychiatric disorder. Three symptoms were specifically associated with onset of psychosis compared to non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders: ‘Difficulty in controlling one's speech, behaviour or facial expression while communicating’ (adjusted OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.66–9.92), ‘Difficulties in understanding written text or heard speech’ (OR 2.25; 1.12–4.51), and ‘Difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with other people’ (OR 2.20; 1.03–4.67). Of these, the first one remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first general‐population‐based prospective study exploring psychiatric symptoms predicting the onset of hospital‐treated first‐episode psychosis in comparison to non‐psychotic disorders. We found three symptoms related with difficulties in social interaction which predicted onset of psychosis. This is a novel finding and should be replicated.