ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparisons of rate constants for thiolate-disulfide interchange in water and in polar aprotic solvents using dynamic proton NMR line shape analysisRajeeva Singh and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3, 1190–1197Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00159a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00159a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2277Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The type and amount of physical activity (PA) needed for prevention of weight regain are not well understood. We prospectively examined the associations between patterns of discretionary PA and 6‐year maintenance of intentional weight loss among 4,558 healthy premenopausal women who were 26–45 years old in 1991 and had lost >5% of their body weight in the previous 2 years. Participants reported their PA and weight in 1991 and 1997. The outcome was weight regain, defined as regaining in 1997 >30% of the lost weight between 1989 and 1991. Between 1991 and 1997, 80% of women regained >30% of their previous intentional weight loss. An increase of 30 min/day in total discretionary activity between 1991 and 1997 was associated with less weight regain (−1.36 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.61, −1.12), particularly among overweight women (BMI ≥25) (−2.45 kg, −3.12 to −1.78). Increased jogging or running was associated with less weight regain (−3.26 kg; −4.41 to −2.10) than increased brisk walking (−1.69 kg; −2.15 to −1.22) or other activities (−1.26 kg; −1.65 to −0.87). Compared to women who remained sedentary, women were less likely to regain >30% of the lost weight if they maintained 30+ min/day of discretionary PA (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, 0.53 to 0.89) or increased to this activity level (OR = 0.48, 0.39 to 0.60). Conversely, risk was elevated in women who decreased their activity. Increased PA, particularly high intensity activities, is associated with better maintenance of weight loss. The benefits of activity were greater among overweight/obese than normal weight women.
A general and scalable method has been developed for patterning nanometer scale lines hierarchically over large areas using nanowires as masks for etching and deposition. Core−shell nanowires with controlled diameter and shell dimensions were aligned with nanometer to micrometer scale pitches using a Langmuir−Blodgett approach and then transferred en mass to planar substrates. Transferred nanowires were used as deposition masks to define metal lines with pitches from the nanometer to micrometer scale over centimeter square areas. Hierarchical parallel nanowire arrays were also prepared and used as masks to define nanometer pitch lines in 10 × 10 μm2 arrays repeated with a 25 μm array pitch over centimeter square areas. This nanolithography method represents a highly scalable and flexible pathway for defining nanometer scale lines on multiple length scales and thus has substantial potential for enabling the fabrication of integrated nanosystems.
Summarizes the global burden of obesity and the impact of a spectrum of obesity risk factors—ranging from sociopolitical and economic forces that prove largely beyond an individual's control to modifiable lifestyle factors—and discusses genetic and epigenetic risks as well as the effectiveness of (1) population-based interventions and policies for preventing obesity; (2) some individual-level treatment options across various platforms; and (3) the cost-effectiveness of select interventions. Obesity remains a major contributor to preventable disease and death across the globe and poses a nearly unprecedented challenge to those tasked with addressing it at the public health, health care provider, and individual levels. Although economic growth and urbanization have reduced food insecurity and improved quality of life for many, they have also provided unhealthy diets and created environments promoting sedentary lifestyles, both of which lead to positive energy balance and weight gain. Continued surveillance of obesity and national health outcomes remains necessary to monitor and evaluate programs while maintaining awareness among the public and within governments.
Abstract Background Positive association between resting heart rate (RHR) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been documented in several studies. However, whether RHR is an independent predictor of T2D and its potential interaction with other risk factors of T2D remain unclear. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1992‐2012). Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between RHR and T2D risk. We further examined whether this association is modified by known risk factors. Lastly, we conducted a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies. Results During 505 380 person‐years of follow‐up, we identified 2338 incident T2D cases. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest vs lowest categories of RHR was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43‐2.01). Increase in 10 bpm of RHR was associated with 19% increased risk of T2D in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.24). The HRs of T2D associated with RHR were stronger among those with normal weight or without hypertension ( P interaction < 0.001). Moreover, RHR with other known risk factors cumulatively increased T2D risk. A meta‐analysis consistently showed a positive association between RHR and T2D risk (the summary relative risk [RR] for highest vs lowest RHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.86, n = 12, the summary RR per 10 bpm increase, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.26, n = 13). Conclusions High RHR was independently associated with increased risk of T2D. Our findings suggest that RHR, with other known risk factors, could be a useful tool to predict T2D risk.
No Abstract Available.
Several stress-strain relations, including simple tension and pure shear, are calculated for face-centred cubic aggregates of single crystal's which harden according to Taylor's rule. The calculations are based on the theoretical model suggested by budiansky and Wu (1962) and Kröner (1961). A simple correspondence is demonstrated between this model and Lin's (1057) extension to Taylor's model.
