Publications

Abstract Magnetoresistance describes a phenomenon in which the electrical resistance of the material depends strongly on an externally applied magnetic field. Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) was observed in a new class of oxides, (La,A)MnO3 (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba), and the Magnetoresistance ratio of ΔR/R(H)> -100,000% has been reported in epitaxially grown La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films. The new types of intrinsic magnetoresistive oxides offer exciting possibilities for improved magnetic sensors, magnetoresistive read heads, and magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). The CMR magnetic oxides have a perovskite-type crystal structure with ferromagnetic ordering in the a-b planes and antiferromagnetic ordering along the c-axis (Figure 1). The ferromagnetically ordered Mn-O layers of the a-b planes are isolated by a non-magnetic La(A)-O monolayer. This spin-coupling structure is intrinsic. La1-xAxMn03 compounds having the extreme values x = 0, 1 are neither ferromagnetic nor good electrical conductors; they are semiconductors. Only compounds with intermediate values of x are ferromagnetic,

A subdermally implantable flexible photovoltatic (IPV) device is proposed for supplying sustainable electric power to in vivo medical implants. Electric properties of the implanted IPV device are characterized in live animal models. Feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by operating a flexible pacemaker with the subdermal IPV device which generates DC electric power of ≈647 μW under the skin. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been demonstrated as a promising solution for powering widely distributed electronics in the new era of Internet of Things (IoTs), however, high‐performance TENG always relies on tribo‐materials with high triboelectric property. Herein, a simple self‐charge excitation technique that charge injection is directly realized by self‐generated electrostatic breakdown charge instead of voltage‐multiplying circuit is proposed to break through the limitation of triboelectrification. By using the designed electrostatic breakdown charge excitation TENG (EBE‐TENG), the output performance of poor tribo‐material based TENG such as polyethylene (PE) can be enhanced by 5.7 times, which even approximates that of high tribo‐material based TENG such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). Moreover, electrostatic breakdown charge excitation technique also exhibits a universal applicable ability for other different triboelectric materials. This work not only greatly simplifies the charge excitation system, but also broadens the availability of materials for achieving high‐performance TENG.

Abstract Olfactory plays an important role in virtual reality technology. In this work, a bionic fibrous membrane (BFM) integrated with the function of electrostatic field accelerated evaporation (EFAE) is applied for realizing the virtual olfactory generation (VOG) system. The BFM is capable of self‐driven unidirectional liquid transmission and EFAE process is induced on BFM by using an ultrafast voltage‐elevation triboelectric nanogenerator (UVE‐TENG). The output voltage from UVE‐TENG can reach 8 kV within 40 ms, which is enough to maintain all of the functions of VOG system. Meanwhile, the output current from UVE‐TENG is smaller than 1 μA, leading to a safe and human compatible system. The flow rate of the volatile liquid spray from the system emitter can reach 0.1 μl/s, and the average evaporation rate of the BFM device with integrated EFAE function is 0.12 mg/s. Accordingly, the user of this VOG system can feel the generation of odor within 3 s, while the switching of different odor channels can be wirelessly controlled by a mobile phone. This VOG system enhances the user's immersive and interactive experience for virtual reality technology. The similar system composed of UVE‐TENG, reed switch, BFM and EFAE devices also has potential application value in assisted breathing treatment and nasal delivery. image

Silicon photonics is now widely accepted as a key technology in a variety of systems. But owing to material limitations, now it is challenging to greatly improve the performance after decades of development. Here, we show a high-performance broadband photodetector with significantly enhanced sensitivity and responsivity operating over a wide wavelength range of light from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared at low power consumption. The specially designed textured top ceiling electrode works effectively as an antireflection layer to greatly improve the absorption of near-infrared light, thereby overcoming the absorption limitation of near-infrared light. Instead of the conventional p–n junction and p–intrinsic–n junction, we introduce a ∼15 nm thick alumina insulator layer between a p-type Si substrate and n-type ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays, which significantly enhances the charge carrier separation and collection efficiency. The photosensing responsivity and sensitivity are found to be nearly 1 order of magnitude higher than that of a reference device of p-Si/n-ZnO NW arrays, significantly higher than the commercial silicon photodiodes as well. The light-induced charge carriers flow across the appropriate thickness of insulator layer via the quantum mechanical Fowler–Nordheim tunneling mechanism. By virtue of the piezo-phototronic effect, the charge density at the interfaces can be tuned to alter the energy bands and the potential barrier distance for tunneling. Additionally, along with the use of incident light of different wavelengths, the influence of the insulator layer on the transport of electrons and holes separately is further investigated. The demonstrated concepts and study would lead to sensitivity improvement, quality enhancement of data transfer, decrease of power consumption, and cost reduction of silicon photonics.

Despite its involvement in various cancers, the function of the deubiquitinase USP1 (ubiquitin-specific protease 1) is unexplored in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this study, we provide evidence that USP1 promotes CCA progression through the stabilization of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), consistent with the observation that both USP1 and PARP1 are upregulated in human CCA. Proteomics and ubiquitylome analysis of USP1-overexpressing CCA cells nominated PARP1 as a top USP1 substrate. Indeed, their direct interaction was validated by a series of immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), and GST pull-down assays, and their interaction regions were identified using deletion mutants. Mechanistically, USP1 removes the ubiquitin chain at K197 of PARP1 to prevent its proteasomal degradation, with the consequent PARP1 stabilization being necessary and sufficient to promote the growth and metastasis of CCA in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we identified the acetyltransferase GCN5 as acetylating USP1 at K130, enhancing the affinity between USP1 and PARP1 and further increasing PARP1 protein stabilization. Finally, both USP1 and PARP1 are significantly associated with poor survival in CCA patients. These findings describe PARP1 as a novel deubiquitination target of USP1 and a potential therapeutic target for CCA.

This paper presents a controlled, large scale fabrication of mesoporous ZnO thin films. The entire ZnO mesoporous film is one piece of a single crystal, while high porosity made of nanowalls is present. The growth mechanism was proposed in comparison with the growth of ZnO nanowires. The ZnO mesoporous film was successfully applied as a gas sensor. The fabrication and growth analysis of the mesoporous ZnO thin film give general guidance for the controlled growth of nanostructures. It also provides a unique structure with a superhigh surface-to-volume ratio for surface-related applications.

Abstract Scalability is a key factor for the deployment of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), and how to effectively control the computational cost while improving scalability has become a core challenge in this field. Although existing research has extensively explored how to enhance the scalability of algorithms, it generally overlooks the computational overhead and training costs of models. Addressing this critical challenge, we introduce the Efficient Evolutionary Curriculum Learning (E2CL). This method integrates evolutionary ideas into curriculum learning, training multiple populations of agents in parallel at each stage. Through competitive, selection, crossover, and mutation operations, the fittest populations are selected for training in the next stage, thereby overcoming the bottleneck issue in traditional curriculum learning where the optimal agent from the previous stage struggles to adapt to new stages. To further optimize training efficiency, we propose a dual-dimensional hybrid probability sampling mechanism for population selection based on population rewards and training stability. This mechanism effectively reduces redundant competition during the evolutionary process, significantly lowering the computational overhead of the algorithm. Additionally, we also design a hybrid curriculum knowledge transfer method that combines model reload and buffer reuse to maximize the utilization of knowledge between curricula, enhancing the Jumpstart performance in new curriculum stages. Simulation results in cooperative and adversarial tasks show that E2CL significantly reduces the training cost while ensuring performance, thereby establishing a balance between performance and resource consumption. E2CL offers an efficient paradigm for multi-agent collaborative training and is a practical solution for MARL training in resource-sensitive scenarios.