This research is carried out to investigate and assess the dynamic soil-structure interaction features related to a reinforced concrete building. Numerical analysis and mathematical simulations were performed depending on the ABAQUS® software package to achieve the study goal. Structures with floor numbers ranging between one and ten were modelled and simulated, and soil characteristics were explored and measured in terms of base shear, axial force, moment, and displacement, taking into account dynamic soil-structure interaction principles. In addition, the effect of soil type on the building stability and soil performance was assessed and examined. The research findings revealed that the base shear for a five-floor building frame decreases by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. Also, the base shear for a five-floor building frame reduces by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. The base shear for a shear wall system with ten stories on medium soil is 20% less than that on soft soil. On hard soil, this outcome is lowered by 12%. The axial force for a five-floor building frame decreases by 2% from mild to medium soil and by 8% from medium to hard soil. Additionally, axial forces provide a 9% decrease for medium soil and a 4% reduction for hard soil in a 10-floor building frame resistance system. There is a reduction of 3% from soft to medium soil and a reduction of 12% on hard soil regarding axial force. Meantime, the axial forces are lesser for medium soil by 13% compared to soft soil and less by 6 % for hard soil. The displacement is decreased by 6% in a 5-floor building frame system on medium soil and 11% on hard soil. However, the displacement of a 10-floor building structure is reduced by 10% on medium soil and 22% on hard soil. Displacement in a five-floor shear wall structure is decreased by 6% and 18% on medium and hard soil. Also, displacement reduces by 20% and 30% on medium and hard soil, respectively.
This research aims to understand the characteristics of the Tigris River and the possibilities of human use in Baghdad.Samples for this study were collected for analysis from three separate districts in Baghdad, Iraq.Three sites in the upstream, middle, and lower downstream regions of the study area were used to collect river water samples (East Tigris Water Project, Al-Shuhada Bridge Project, and Al-Rasheed Project).To verify that the water is suitable for human needs including drinking water, agriculture, and industry, several tests have been carried out; The study data from the year (2005-2020) PH, Cl, NO3, PO4, SO4, Na, Ec, Ca, K, Mg, TH and TDS are among these tests.And the results of the three projects in the water characteristics of the Baghdad River.The results showed that SO4 was within the allowed in (East Tigris Water Project, and Al-Shuhada Bridge Project) and was higher than allowed in Al-Rasheed Project, while (PH, NO3, PO4, Ca, TH, and K) were all within the allowed range (Project East Tigris Water, Al-Shuhada Bridge Project).According to the World Health Organization, Ec had readings a few above the permissible levels and the TDS was above the permissible limit.
In Iraq, there is a vast construction movement. Still, it is accompanied by many problems, the most important of which is the delay in completing projects during the specified time. The time must be optimized by adopting the leadership practice and dedicating it to the benefit of performing the process and functions of the project. The research aims to identify the most important reasons and factors that affect the project delivery process within the specified period. The investigation initially dealt with the most important previous studies, on this subject, by researchers, then touched on the concept of construction projects, their types and details. A questionnaire containing reasons for the delay was identified and divided into several items. It concluded that the most common reasons for delays are delays in laboratory testing of materials, assignment of works to the lowest bidder, contractors' financial incompetence, and high building materials prices. The most crucial factor is to streamline building material inspection procedures, set up inspection laboratories on several occasions and assess the contractor's effectiveness and ability to implement before the project is referred financially. Organizations and individuals should coordinate their work between the construction departments to prevent any issues that may arise during completing tasks.
Planned methods may be developed to improve the efficiency of building construction. The construction business is profoundly impacted by the prevalence of inaccurate cost and schedule prediction. The main strategy to improve the project performance is to evaluate the hybrid sustainable materials using the artificial neural network (ANN) method based on the effective factors in construction projects in Iraq. This strategy needs an effective method to classify the project input representation and specify the accurate activity of each factor. This paper uses a hybrid artificial neural network to correlate and classify the sustainable hybrid of construction projects to evaluate their performance. The contribution of this method is the selection of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Maker method (MCDM) based on time and cost-effective factors correlated with the artificial neural network method. A dynamic selection procedure for project materials may be created using the existing technique as an evolutionary model for successful project completion. The MCDM observed that the appropriate sustainable material was considered as the main factor with a rank of 0.823 for cost effect and 0.735 for time effect and the main influence factor in Iraqi projects was the building height. The results present superior functional cost evaluation results correlated with the selection of hybrid sustainable materials.
All around, civil engineering megaprojects are still struggling with budget overruns, schedule slippage,and disjointed supply-chain coordination. This paper conducts an embedded, multiple-case study ofpublicly recorded projects spanning Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Using a pragmatist mixed-methodsapproach, we thematically coded secondary reports, audits and peer-reviewed case narratives;descriptive statistics were used to investigate related cost- and time-performance data. Convergenttriangulation found four common levers distinguishing better performers, early strategic alignmentamong stakeholders, proactive scenario-based risk management and digitally enabled transparencythrough (BIM) and (IoT) twins. Collaborative contracting cultures such as Integrated Project Delivery.Projects using these levers reduced lead-time variation by as much as 17% and cost overruns by 4–6percentage points. Building on these ideas, we suggest an Integrated Lean-Digital Frameworkcascading through Strategic Alignment, Collaborative & Digital Integration, OperationalExecution and Continuous Improvement & Sustainability. Though reliance on secondary datareduces statistical generalizability, deliberate case selection and cross-source triangulation improvetransferability, therefore offering a consistent path to fight fragmentation. This synthesisoffers practical advice for managers and politicians.
This research examined the engineering projects supervised by Iraqi internal management teams and evaluated the role of consulting firms in this area. The principal elements evaluated in analyzing engineering project execution management tools, methodology, objectives, resources, and success rates were time, cost, quality, and project scope. This research aims to create a detailed inventory of the services, functions, and requirements of the technical control and engineering consulting sectors in relation to national and international standards. This work utilized pertinent data and expert opinions to analyze the operations of consulting companies in Iraq via the Delphi method. The preliminary phase, considering workplace variations, was the creation of a related matrix utilizing local data to determine the relative significance of each component. After evaluating the second phase's data utilizing the Excel-based TOPSIS methodology, the factor ratings were calculated. The AHP-TOPSIS method assessed the ability to reason and resolve difficulties, handle conflicts, additional project expenditures, cost differences across four orders, and financial flow. In assessing variables, here is where the outcomes truly excelled. The research further concludes that the efficiency of consulting officers plays a pivotal role in overcoming the challenges of project execution in Iraq. Their ability to address time, cost, and quality issues directly influences the overall success of engineering construction projects.
Background/Objectives: Examination of the connections in a steel structure is of paramount importance and lack of precision in design and implementation of connections in steel structures will cause not only failure in the connection itself but also devastating effects on structural members and thereby entire the structure. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In present study, structural safety is assessed through probabilistic methods and the work mainly tries to make a suitable platform for its performance within the useful life of structure. To this end, the experimental setup for testing these connections - which are proper agents of their performance in a building frame (connection place and a half of joint beam and column) - was modeled in the software ABAQUS and acceleration time history of the frame it is embedded in is included under a set of certain records of the desired site. Results: Connection in a structure with a special frame and moderate height was studied and initially it was determined to join levels of performance with a suitable criteria based on connection failure. Thereafter, the corresponding fragility curves were drawn and then compared with moment-rotation curve and cyclic loading based on joining models which are influenced by nonlinear static analysis and cyclic loading. Conclusion/Application: Pushover and cyclic loading curves of this connection were determined in order to specify level of performance of the connection as per the connection failure. Keywords: Beam-to-Steel Column Connection, Fragility Curve, Nonlinear Static Analysis, Pushover Loading Curves, Semi-Rigidtion
Bu calismada, mevcut eski binalarda saha calismalari sonucu kentsel donusum kanunu ile riskli yapi tespitlerinde kullanilmak uzere yapilan donati tespitleri ve malzeme degerlerinin deneysel verileri kullanilmistir. Kullanim turu konut olan bes katli iki bina uzerinde elde edilen deneysel veriler kullanilarak Deprem Bolgelerinde Yapilacak Binalar Hakkinda Yonetmelik 2007(DBYBHY2007)’ e gore dogrusal olmayan hesap yontemleri uygulanarak guclendirme uygulanmistir. Guclendirme Sta4Cad programi kullanilarak yapilmis olup elde edilen deneysel degerlerin ve zemin parametrelerinin programa girilmesi ile analizler gerceklestirilmistir. Dogrusal olmayan analiz yontemlerinden artimsal esdeger deprem yuku yontemi(aedyy) ve artimsal mod birlestirme yontemi(amby) killanilarak mevcut binalarin performans seviyeleri can guvenligi performans seviyesini saglayacak degerlere cikarilmistir. 1 ve 2 numarali bina ayri ayri sadece mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanarak guclendirilmistir. Binalarin mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanmis analiz sonuclari kendi aralarinda karsilastirilmistir.
One of the problems with building expert systems for medical domains is handling the uncertainty that exists in almost every task. The authors solve this problem, in the context of a system for diagnosing and managing patients with cardiovascular disease, by developing a heuristic method for generating likely causal hypotheses for a set of clinical findings. The method uses the potential causal pathways to determine sets of primary causes that could produce the findings. From each set it builds a hypothesis by determining the most probable explanation for each finding and adding that explanation to the hypothesis. Hypotheses are compared by computing the overall probability of each as an explanation for the findings. The most likely hypotheses are presented to the user as a detailed differential list. The method has been tested in a network with 150 physiological nodes and about 280 potential findings. It produces differential diagnoses for cases with 10 to 15 abnormal findings in a few minutes. Each hypothesis contains 20 to 30 physiological nodes which can be displayed with their interconnections, showing the user how the findings can be accounted for by the possible causes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
This research was executed to investigate and examine the critical impact of openings and holes (needed for mechanical and electrical installations) on the
As the population grows, the need for safe and comfortable places to live and work increases. Tall buildings are becoming a popular option as they enable efficient use of urban space and provide solutions to the challenges of urbanization. However, the safety of these buildings against natural hazards such as earthquakes is crucial. Engineers are putting a lot of effort into the construction and design of tall buildings, some of which have been successfully completed, while others have been halted due to design difficulties. High-rise buildings have challenged engineers' endurance due to their height and number of floors. Efforts have been made to increase the resistance of tall buildings to natural factors and the weight of the building. One of the most important factors is the building's vibration movement, which must be resistant to wind, loads on the building, and earthquakes. One way to increase the strength of the building is to use isolated foundations. This article investigates whether using an isolated foundation has an effect on the strength of tall buildings. Two 51-floor tall buildings were designed, one with an isolated foundation and one without. The differences between the buildings were evaluated in terms of earthquakes, the greatest risk for buildings. Using the ETABS program and following international standards, these two buildings were designed to withstand the forces of wind, earthquakes, and loads on the building. The loads and forces caused by earthquakes, the resistances and possible damages of both types of buildings were also evaluated
Structural symmetry of constructions directly influences material efficiency and construction complexity. This study presents the Symmetry Optimization and Detection for Architecture (SODA) framework for assessing and improving structural symmetry in existing buildings. The system employs computer vision methods for symmetry detection, the Continuous Symmetry Measure (CSM) based on molecular research, and genetic algorithms for optimization. A total of 50 structures of the Netherlands (Dutch) were examined, which encompassed an area of 2.287 million m2, categorized into five distinct groups. It was indicated that average symmetry improvements were observed, with an increase from 68.4% to 82.7%. The average material reductions were observed to be 18.5%, which was accompanied by a reduction in construction time of 19.2%. The total acknowledged cost reductions were recorded at €87.3 million, with a corresponding reduction of 21,450 tons of CO2 emissions. The results of a statistical analysis suggest that a negative correlation exists between building height and optimization potential (R2 = 0.72). The framework illustrates that systematic symmetry optimization yields substantial efficiency enhancements while preserving architectural integrity and code adherence.
In this research, a case study is explored and examined by choosing a construction project.The budget of this project is calculated and analyzed using two methods.A comparison between these two approaches is conducted in terms of performance, effort, accuracy, and cost of calculation.These two techniques are manual quantity surveying and numerical project take-off depending on BIM technology (REVIT software package).The quantity take-off of steel, concrete, and other vital architectural elements and structural building components was considered.The results of this work revealed that there are perfect agreements between the traditional cost-estimation method and the ANSYS numerical calculation associated with all construction elements and components, indicating that BIM technology can offer a reliable solution to determine the construction project cost with higher complexity and components.Furthermore, it was found that the use of REVIT software has cut a significant number of human errors that occurred during the estimation process and quantity take-off for the project cost.In addition, the results of the manual and numerical methods of cost calculation indicated that the REVIT software had saved much time and effort needed for engineers to estimate the budget related to this challenging case study that represents a hospital building with various structural components.
This study provides a data-driven evaluation of the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile’s (FIA) progress toward its 2030 net-zero emissions goal, based on publicly reported data from 2019 to 2023. Using SPSS-based regression analysis, we first identify business travel emissions and the number of championships, trophies, challenges, and cups as the most significant drivers of the FIA’s total carbon footprint, jointly explaining 99.3% of its variance. These drivers then inform a three-stage forecasting model developed in MATLAB to project future emissions. The results indicate a projected 18% increase in total emissions from 2024 to 2030. This upward trajectory stands in sharp contrast to the FIA’s target of a 50% reduction by 2030, revealing a significant implementation gap. Our analysis concludes that the FIA’s current path is insufficient to meet its ambitious climate targets, underscoring the urgent need for more decisive interventions, such as emissions-based event planning and AI-powered logistics optimization. The methodology offers a replicable framework for forecasting emissions in other data-constrained, high-emission sectors.
This research is executed to investigate and examine the critical impact of making openings and holes (needed for mechanical and electrical installations) on the flat slabs’ workability and performance. Numerical analysis and simulations using the ABAQUS software were implemented. Besides, a comparative study (between nine cases) was adopted to explore the influence of openings on the workability and performance of flat slabs. The damaged zone area, maximum load, maximum deflection, and maximum displacement were recorded. Also, the effect of the opening size on these variables was analyzed. The results revealed that cases C1, C2, and C3 have approximately similar maximum displacement values ranging between 31.6 mm and 32.7 mm. The maximum load (failure load) in case C2 (50×50 cm) was 223.7 kN, 34% less than in case C1, and case C3 (100×100 cm) was 186.5 kN, 45% less than in case C1. The damaged zone area increased by 47 percent and 144 percent for C2 and C3, respectively. It is evident that when opening sizes increase, punching shear resistance decreases because the perimeter decreases. Also, different values of loads were recorded corresponding to various amounts of displacement in cases from one to nine, in which the load increases with elevating the displacement.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
