This research examined the engineering projects supervised by Iraqi internal management teams and evaluated the role of consulting firms in this area. The principal elements evaluated in analyzing engineering project execution management tools, methodology, objectives, resources, and success rates were time, cost, quality, and project scope. This research aims to create a detailed inventory of the services, functions, and requirements of the technical control and engineering consulting sectors in relation to national and international standards. This work utilized pertinent data and expert opinions to analyze the operations of consulting companies in Iraq via the Delphi method. The preliminary phase, considering workplace variations, was the creation of a related matrix utilizing local data to determine the relative significance of each component. After evaluating the second phase's data utilizing the Excel-based TOPSIS methodology, the factor ratings were calculated. The AHP-TOPSIS method assessed the ability to reason and resolve difficulties, handle conflicts, additional project expenditures, cost differences across four orders, and financial flow. In assessing variables, here is where the outcomes truly excelled. The research further concludes that the efficiency of consulting officers plays a pivotal role in overcoming the challenges of project execution in Iraq. Their ability to address time, cost, and quality issues directly influences the overall success of engineering construction projects.
Bu calismada, mevcut eski binalarda saha calismalari sonucu kentsel donusum kanunu ile riskli yapi tespitlerinde kullanilmak uzere yapilan donati tespitleri ve malzeme degerlerinin deneysel verileri kullanilmistir. Kullanim turu konut olan bes katli iki bina uzerinde elde edilen deneysel veriler kullanilarak Deprem Bolgelerinde Yapilacak Binalar Hakkinda Yonetmelik 2007(DBYBHY2007)’ e gore dogrusal olmayan hesap yontemleri uygulanarak guclendirme uygulanmistir. Guclendirme Sta4Cad programi kullanilarak yapilmis olup elde edilen deneysel degerlerin ve zemin parametrelerinin programa girilmesi ile analizler gerceklestirilmistir. Dogrusal olmayan analiz yontemlerinden artimsal esdeger deprem yuku yontemi(aedyy) ve artimsal mod birlestirme yontemi(amby) killanilarak mevcut binalarin performans seviyeleri can guvenligi performans seviyesini saglayacak degerlere cikarilmistir. 1 ve 2 numarali bina ayri ayri sadece mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanarak guclendirilmistir. Binalarin mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanmis analiz sonuclari kendi aralarinda karsilastirilmistir.
Structural symmetry of constructions directly influences material efficiency and construction complexity. This study presents the Symmetry Optimization and Detection for Architecture (SODA) framework for assessing and improving structural symmetry in existing buildings. The system employs computer vision methods for symmetry detection, the Continuous Symmetry Measure (CSM) based on molecular research, and genetic algorithms for optimization. A total of 50 structures of the Netherlands (Dutch) were examined, which encompassed an area of 2.287 million m2, categorized into five distinct groups. It was indicated that average symmetry improvements were observed, with an increase from 68.4% to 82.7%. The average material reductions were observed to be 18.5%, which was accompanied by a reduction in construction time of 19.2%. The total acknowledged cost reductions were recorded at €87.3 million, with a corresponding reduction of 21,450 tons of CO2 emissions. The results of a statistical analysis suggest that a negative correlation exists between building height and optimization potential (R2 = 0.72). The framework illustrates that systematic symmetry optimization yields substantial efficiency enhancements while preserving architectural integrity and code adherence.
Afghanistan is encountering a massive compete in arrangement of old infrastructure. Specially for roads structure, it is found that many roads pavements built 30 to 40 years ago and now it is the end of their life. Other roads had been deteriorated because of misuse, overuse and mismanagement and also after more than 3 decades of conflict Afghanistan encountered keen challenges in rehabilitation and reconstruction of the roads. In addition, present and future threats influence the wished mission of these pavements for fast, safe and comfort transportation of people and goods. Moreover, the current management shows that the system is being used now is not flexible enough to consider on the changing conditions and is poor to assist in making decisions.This study aims to initiate a Pavement Management System by providing an organized procedure of maintaining, reconstructing, and operating the roads pavements and to utilize in a better flexible strategy that can enable this research to perform better tasks, more economically, higher quality and do it such a manner to achieve a desired result.A system has been also presented to help and make easier the decision making process. It is Micro PAVER pavement software. Micro PAVER is a Pavement Management System developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Micro PAVER provides pavement management capabilities to:· Organize and develop the pavement list.· Analyze the running condition of pavements.· Develop methods to forecast future conditions report on past and future pavement execution; and· Develop plots for pavement maintenance based on condition needs or budget. Therefore, in order to have a good management system, this system will be preferred which provide an organized method of maintenance, reconstruction and operation of the roads pavements. And the system will be flexible enough and assists in making decisions.
This study aimed to investigate the precast reinforced concrete beam-to-column joints behaviors through the replaceable damper under cyclic loading. The precast concrete specimens have been embedded with steel reinforcement and specially shaped connectors. After the application of the replaceable damper under cyclic loading, the energy dissipation part has acted very well and increased the bearing capacity of precast specimens. The precast concrete beam–to–column joints were designed and analyzed to compare with the reinforced concrete (RC) specimen. The analysis result of the loading based on the controlled displacement method has illustrated that the precast specimen model with damper has shown a greater hysteric behavior than the RC frame. the PS-1 is passed the 2.8% chord rotation approximately, which showed better performance, and higher resistance than the RC specimen. The efficiency of the PS–1 specimen with a special connection has been elaborated with the finite element method (FEM) and simulated by ABAQUS software.
This paper deals with the usage of geogrids for soil improvement utilizing the PLAXIS 3D FE program's numerical analysis approach. Because of the low shear strength and instability of soft clay soils, reinforcement has been used to improve clay soils. The reinforcement mechanism was analyzed on the basis of results and output. The results of the program outputs are shown in PLAXIS. The reinforcement has little effect in the case of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement, but only a significant effect on the safety factor. This paper also deals with improving soft clay soil using stone columns. The main objective is to reduce settlement and increase the carrying capacity of the soil and shorten the consolidation period. The work investigates geogrid-reinforced stone columns that improved the behavior of soft clay soils under the influence of loading and construction. Underwent soil the stone columns testing covered with a geogrid and traffic load of 50 kpa. The improved method of using stone columns and PLAXIS 3D was used to create the FE model. The results concluded that the comparison results gave an improvement rate of up to 50 % of the improvement for the stone-column-reinforced clay soil in the construction phase.
One of the problems with building expert systems for medical domains is handling the uncertainty that exists in almost every task. The authors solve this problem, in the context of a system for diagnosing and managing patients with cardiovascular disease, by developing a heuristic method for generating likely causal hypotheses for a set of clinical findings. The method uses the potential causal pathways to determine sets of primary causes that could produce the findings. From each set it builds a hypothesis by determining the most probable explanation for each finding and adding that explanation to the hypothesis. Hypotheses are compared by computing the overall probability of each as an explanation for the findings. The most likely hypotheses are presented to the user as a detailed differential list. The method has been tested in a network with 150 physiological nodes and about 280 potential findings. It produces differential diagnoses for cases with 10 to 15 abnormal findings in a few minutes. Each hypothesis contains 20 to 30 physiological nodes which can be displayed with their interconnections, showing the user how the findings can be accounted for by the possible causes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
As the population grows, the need for safe and comfortable places to live and work increases. Tall buildings are becoming a popular option as they enable efficient use of urban space and provide solutions to the challenges of urbanization. However, the safety of these buildings against natural hazards such as earthquakes is crucial. Engineers are putting a lot of effort into the construction and design of tall buildings, some of which have been successfully completed, while others have been halted due to design difficulties. High-rise buildings have challenged engineers' endurance due to their height and number of floors. Efforts have been made to increase the resistance of tall buildings to natural factors and the weight of the building. One of the most important factors is the building's vibration movement, which must be resistant to wind, loads on the building, and earthquakes. One way to increase the strength of the building is to use isolated foundations. This article investigates whether using an isolated foundation has an effect on the strength of tall buildings. Two 51-floor tall buildings were designed, one with an isolated foundation and one without. The differences between the buildings were evaluated in terms of earthquakes, the greatest risk for buildings. Using the ETABS program and following international standards, these two buildings were designed to withstand the forces of wind, earthquakes, and loads on the building. The loads and forces caused by earthquakes, the resistances and possible damages of both types of buildings were also evaluated
This research was executed to investigate and examine the critical impact of openings and holes (needed for mechanical and electrical installations) on the
In this research, a case study is explored and examined by choosing a construction project.The budget of this project is calculated and analyzed using two methods.A comparison between these two approaches is conducted in terms of performance, effort, accuracy, and cost of calculation.These two techniques are manual quantity surveying and numerical project take-off depending on BIM technology (REVIT software package).The quantity take-off of steel, concrete, and other vital architectural elements and structural building components was considered.The results of this work revealed that there are perfect agreements between the traditional cost-estimation method and the ANSYS numerical calculation associated with all construction elements and components, indicating that BIM technology can offer a reliable solution to determine the construction project cost with higher complexity and components.Furthermore, it was found that the use of REVIT software has cut a significant number of human errors that occurred during the estimation process and quantity take-off for the project cost.In addition, the results of the manual and numerical methods of cost calculation indicated that the REVIT software had saved much time and effort needed for engineers to estimate the budget related to this challenging case study that represents a hospital building with various structural components.
This research is carried out to investigate and assess the dynamic soil-structure interaction features related to a reinforced concrete building. Numerical analysis and mathematical simulations were performed depending on the ABAQUS® software package to achieve the study goal. Structures with floor numbers ranging between one and ten were modelled and simulated, and soil characteristics were explored and measured in terms of base shear, axial force, moment, and displacement, taking into account dynamic soil-structure interaction principles. In addition, the effect of soil type on the building stability and soil performance was assessed and examined. The research findings revealed that the base shear for a five-floor building frame decreases by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. Also, the base shear for a five-floor building frame reduces by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. The base shear for a shear wall system with ten stories on medium soil is 20% less than that on soft soil. On hard soil, this outcome is lowered by 12%. The axial force for a five-floor building frame decreases by 2% from mild to medium soil and by 8% from medium to hard soil. Additionally, axial forces provide a 9% decrease for medium soil and a 4% reduction for hard soil in a 10-floor building frame resistance system. There is a reduction of 3% from soft to medium soil and a reduction of 12% on hard soil regarding axial force. Meantime, the axial forces are lesser for medium soil by 13% compared to soft soil and less by 6 % for hard soil. The displacement is decreased by 6% in a 5-floor building frame system on medium soil and 11% on hard soil. However, the displacement of a 10-floor building structure is reduced by 10% on medium soil and 22% on hard soil. Displacement in a five-floor shear wall structure is decreased by 6% and 18% on medium and hard soil. Also, displacement reduces by 20% and 30% on medium and hard soil, respectively.
There are several environmental, economic, and energy reasons why RC is gaining popularity around the world. Key environmental problems include the potential for groundwater contamination due to the washing out of fresh concrete brought back from project sites, as well as the loss of natural sources of high-quality aggregate materials. The RC concrete (RCA) impact on the fundamental characteristics of traditional con-crete is investigated besides the effect of different ratio effects of water-cement (w/c). The concrete as crushed rubble obtained from several Iraqi demolition sites and landfills is utilized to examine the properties of (RCA). This work utilized sand as natural, and concrete as crushed from various sources as aggregates around Baghdad city. A total of forty-five concrete mixtures were cast into nine groups. Groups were created to examine the impact of recycled coarse aggregate (CA) quality/content, dosage of cement, and w/c ratio. Strengths of compressing and splitting, and modulus of elastic tests were conducted. The findings demon-strated that the concrete rubble (CR) may be turned into recycled aggregate (RC) and utilized in the concrete manufacturing with qualities adequate for the vast majority of structural concrete applications in Iraq. Fur-thermore, the concrete strength has decreased by 6% to 30%, depending on the proportion of RC utilized to replace natural aggregate and the w/c ratio.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
This study provides a data-driven evaluation of the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile’s (FIA) progress toward its 2030 net-zero emissions goal, based on publicly reported data from 2019 to 2023. Using SPSS-based regression analysis, we first identify business travel emissions and the number of championships, trophies, challenges, and cups as the most significant drivers of the FIA’s total carbon footprint, jointly explaining 99.3% of its variance. These drivers then inform a three-stage forecasting model developed in MATLAB to project future emissions. The results indicate a projected 18% increase in total emissions from 2024 to 2030. This upward trajectory stands in sharp contrast to the FIA’s target of a 50% reduction by 2030, revealing a significant implementation gap. Our analysis concludes that the FIA’s current path is insufficient to meet its ambitious climate targets, underscoring the urgent need for more decisive interventions, such as emissions-based event planning and AI-powered logistics optimization. The methodology offers a replicable framework for forecasting emissions in other data-constrained, high-emission sectors.
This research is executed to investigate and examine the critical impact of making openings and holes (needed for mechanical and electrical installations) on the flat slabs’ workability and performance. Numerical analysis and simulations using the ABAQUS software were implemented. Besides, a comparative study (between nine cases) was adopted to explore the influence of openings on the workability and performance of flat slabs. The damaged zone area, maximum load, maximum deflection, and maximum displacement were recorded. Also, the effect of the opening size on these variables was analyzed. The results revealed that cases C1, C2, and C3 have approximately similar maximum displacement values ranging between 31.6 mm and 32.7 mm. The maximum load (failure load) in case C2 (50×50 cm) was 223.7 kN, 34% less than in case C1, and case C3 (100×100 cm) was 186.5 kN, 45% less than in case C1. The damaged zone area increased by 47 percent and 144 percent for C2 and C3, respectively. It is evident that when opening sizes increase, punching shear resistance decreases because the perimeter decreases. Also, different values of loads were recorded corresponding to various amounts of displacement in cases from one to nine, in which the load increases with elevating the displacement.
