Icinde bulundugumuz cografya aktif fay hatlarinin bulundugu bir deprem bolgesidir. Yakin gecmisimize bakildiginda yasanan depremlerde, mevcut yapilarin deprem performansinin ne derecede zayif oldugu ve bu depremler sonucunda cok sayida can kaybi ve buyuk oranda maddi zararlar meydana gelmistir. Bu depremler sonucu mevcut yapilarin buyuk bir kisminda; projelendirme asamasinda, malzeme seciminde ve uygulama asamasinda eksikliklerin oldugu ortaya cikmistir. Bu durum sonucunda mevcut yapilar uzerinde performans degerlendirme calismalari, yurutulen bu calismalar dogrultusunda deprem yonetmeliginin guncellestirilmesine ihtiyac duyulmustur. Yapilari depreme karsi guvenli hale getirmek icin cesitli calismalar yapilmistir. Bu calismada TBDY 2018 deprem yonetmeligine uygun ve dogrusal hesap yontemlerinden; esdeger deprem yuku yontemi ile modal analiz yontemi ile hesaplar yapilmistir. Guclendirme safhasinda kullanilmasi gereken yapilari, fonsiyonlarini engellemeden guclendirmek icin kullanimi giderek yayginlasan bir anlayisla celik caprazlar kullanilmaktadir. Calismada kullanilan celik caprazlar ile yapinin kullanim amaci ve mimari ozelliklerini en az etkileyecek sekilde yurutulmustur.
This paper analysis and reviews the construction projects in Libya. In Libya, construction projects often face challenges due to the lack of proper information and data in cost-estimation methods. The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate the estimation of construction costs using various methods. An optimization strategy based on a well-known robust algorithm The Fuzzy AHP technique is used to estimate the best roof structure choice based on cost rank among one or two-way flat slab, post-tension slab, pre-tension slab, waffle slab, and hollow core slab. The roofs were created employing five main factors that were implemented in a real-world situation in the Libyan building industry. The cost of materials, labor, machinery, transportation, and trash on site were all considered. Research findings show that the models can assist decision-makers in determining the cost rank of roof selection. When a range of methods are applied and compared to guarantee that this is the best option. This research study must be taken seriously when estimating and managing the contract and length of highway construction projects in the early stages of project development so that the time difference at the end of the project can be kept to a minimum by decision-makers when choosing the roof with the lowest cost. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-08 Full Text: PDF
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has brought about a qualitative change in the design and management of construction projects because it represents a digital simulation of the physical characteristics of the building, and this increases its efficiency before the actual construction begins.In Iraq, most construction projects still use CAD two-dimensional drawing for the purpose of the implementation process, especially government projects, and this causes many problems due to the difficulty of communication between the various disciplines involved in the design and misunderstanding during implementation.This type of problem is reduced by combining BIM drawings prepared by designers and making them into a single model.In this process of merging conflicts are found using BIM tools such as Autodesk Navisworks.There are three main types of detection.This article includes how a clash detector can help improve clashes in the design phase before starting to construct a specific building using BIM applications and focuses on hard detection type (overlap of a particular element with the others).The methodology involved in this research is to study an educational building (24-classroom model school) consisting of structural and architectural BIM models only, clash detection analysis is done using Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Navisworks Manage software.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Çalışma kapsamında uygulamada sıkça kullanılan StaSTEEL ile referans olarak SAP2000 paket programları kullanılarak, simetrik ve L formunda asimetrik kat şekline sahip üç katlı, on katlı ve on beş katlı çelik yapılar ile bu yapılardan farklı tek katlı bir sanayi yapısı modeli, iki paket program ile çözümlenmiştir. Literatürde, StaSTEEL ile yapılmış çalışma bu araştırma yapıldığı sırada hiç bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma içerisinde incelenen bina tipi toplam 7 adettir. Analiz sonucu elde edilen kat ağırlıkları, doğal titreşim periyotları ve elemanlar üzerinde oluşan eksenel, kesme ve moment gerilmeleri bakımından paket programların sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca programların ara yüzleri incelenerek kullanıcı için veri girişi, sonuçların irdelenmesi ve çıktılar konusunda ihtiyacın nasıl ve ne kadar karşılandığı araştırılmıştır. Yapı çözümlemeleri için 2019 yılında yürürlüğe giren Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği’nde belirtilen kurallar kullanılmıştır. İki paket programın çözümleme sonuçlarının birbirine benzer olduğu gözlenmiştir. Simetrik ya da asimetrik, az katlı veya çok katlı fark etmeksizin oluşan iç kuvvetlerde N, V ve M için en büyük farklar sırasıyla %3, %3,5 ve %2,7 mertebelerindedir. Bununla birlikte StaSTEEL programının gerek veri girişi gerekse sonuçların irdelenmesi konusunda daha kolay olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca hazırlanan hesap raporlarının daha detaylı ve görselliği yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Over recent decades, the adoption of modern techniques and advantageous construction methods has significantly improved the construction process.Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one such critical approach that has demonstrated its considerable effectiveness in estimating cost and material quantities for large-scale projects, such as dams.This research investigates and assesses the essential role and contributions of BIM technology and associated software tools in estimating the cost of dam construction projects, characterized by their high complexity, intricate management, extended construction period, and substantial concrete and steel material requirements.A mixed-methods study incorporating three primary strategies was employed: (A) literature review, (B) quantitative research, and (C) qualitative research approaches.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and an online survey questionnaire.The key findings from this study's analysis (using an Iraqi dam as a case study) indicate that the implementation of BIM technology and software concepts is highly advantageous, dynamic, and effective in evaluating construction project budgets.Furthermore, the research highlights that accurately estimating the cost of dams can significantly reduce the time, financial investment, and effort needed to assess the budget of construction projects, particularly those involving dams with higher complexity, extended construction periods, challenging management, and intricate activities and tasks.Additionally, the use of BIM approaches was found to substantially mitigate human error in cost estimations and enhance the performance and accuracy of dam cost evaluations.
This research is carried out to investigate and assess the critical role of soil properties and their content in influencing the soil liquefaction phenomenon that takes place when an earthquake happens. A case study is considered in this work, representing the Karakaya Dam. Two research approaches were implemented to achieve the research goal, including extrapolation in Excel and numerical optimization using linear regression. The outputs revealed that the annual temperature in the future of zones around the Karakaya Dam, including Azami, Ortalama, and Asgari, would witness a moderate increase of about 3 to 6 degrees Celsius in the next decade. Moreover, the research confirmed that the Euphrates River discharge rate at the Karakaya Dam would witness a significant increase from (100-350 m3) to (2,590-2,640 m3) in 2029, explaining that temperature and discharge rate may influence the liquefaction. Meanwhile, the research outputs indicated that soil temperature under the Karakaya Dam and chemical elements would not vary significantly in the next decade. Notwithstanding, the pH number will change widely from 4.14 to 9.74 in 2029. Besides, the most significant chemical molecule concentration in the soil under the Karakaya Dam is the phosphite anion, corresponding to a minimum and maximum concentration of 1 and 2 μg/m2, respectively.
Rehabilitation plans are based on pavement condition assessments, which are crucial to modern pavement management systems. However, some of the disadvantages of conventional approaches for road maintenance and repair include the time consumption, high costs, visual errors, seasonal limitations, and low accuracy. Continuous and efficient pavement monitoring is essential, necessitating reliable equipment that can function in a variety of weather and traffic conditions. UAVs offer a practical and eco-friendly alternative for tasks including road inspections, dam monitoring, and the production of 3D ground models and orthophotos. They are more affordable, accessible, and safe than traditional field surveys, and they reduce the environmental effects of pavement management by using less fuel and producing less greenhouse gas emissions. This study uses UAV technology in conjunction with ground control points (GCPs) to assess the kind and amount of damage in flexible pavements. Vertical photogrammetric mapping was utilized to produce 3D road models, which were then processed and analyzed using Agisoft Photoscan (Metashape Professional (64 bit)) software. The sorts of fractures, patch areas, and rut depths on pavement surfaces may be accurately identified and measured thanks to this technique. When compared to field exams, the findings demonstrated an outstanding accuracy with errors of around 3.54 mm in the rut depth, 4.44 cm2 for patch and pothole areas, and a 96% accuracy rate in identifying cracked locations and crack varieties. This study demonstrates how adding GCPs may enhance the UAV image accuracy, particularly in challenging weather and traffic conditions, and promote sustainable pavement management strategies by lowering carbon emissions and resource consumption.
Heat checking is one of the principal causes of termination die-casting molds life. Thermal fatigue cracking of dies because of thermal and mechanical load
Columns in structures are an indispensable issue. However, the challenge is how can specify a suitable shape of column that can bear the highest weight under simplest conditions. This study investigates a set of column shapes for building structure that can be practically applied in different sizes to discover their properties. The ANSYS program is used to discover these properties, which included two basic stages in the testing processes. The first stage is to find the amount of displacement in each type of column under the lateral forces, and the second stage is to find the column’s behaviour under vibrations which is called the Mode. The results observed that the traditional reinforced concrete columns can be improved in performance by using specially designed columns that operate as a succedaneum. The special-shaped concrete column (featuring L-shaped or T-shaped column sections) performs exceptionally well. Also, Modal analysis, or mode-superposition methodology, presented a unique individual response of special-shaped concrete column that characterizes displacement designs by assessing and superimposing mode forms.
A total of four reinforced concrete (RC) columns were tested to compare the structural capacities of RC columns produced by natural perlite aggregates and conventional concrete. The structural performance of the RC columns made from natural perlite aggregates were compared for to conventional RC columns regarding the same concrete strength levels, sectional properties, and reinforcement layouts of conventional RC columns. The RC columns were tested under a combined constant axial load ratio of 30% with cyclic loading for two concrete strength levels, namely, of 25 and 40 MPa. Load-displacement curves, energy absorption capacities, stiffness degradation, the moment-curvature relationship, the plastic hinge mechanism and the ductility index were experimentally obtained at two different concrete types along with the measured stress-strain properties of the conventional and perlite concrete. The test results showed that the construction of the RC columns using only perlite may become possible in future by providing an adequate concrete stress-strain capacity, which will be improved.
Objective: To express the usage of intelligent concepts in the architectural building construction field that are primarily concerned with reducing building energy use. Improved energy-saving methods and the use of environmentally friendly design principles are essential in this field. This type of managerial decision-making is necessary for the success of these types of projects. Methods: monitoring the performance of intelligent buildings use the cost variance (CV) and schedule variation as standard metrics to track the progress of a project based on the save energy concept. Also, this research conducted a comparative study on Building Information Modelling (BIM) and (MCDM) decision-making limitations as presented in the article. Analysis: the conventional technique, on the other hand, is unable to offer data on variance from typical performance levels. The main point based on Delphi results of construction cost variables has been observed 19 effective factors. Finding and Novelty: The RII observed that the most effective aspects of an intelligent building are the number of floors in the building, the kind of structural design, and the size of the shadow cast on the surface of the building. The Multi-Criteria Decision Maker (MCDM) observed significant differences in planned value (PV) and actual value (AC) results. In addition, as a result of the current approach, it is possible to track project costs and timelines more precisely. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-010 Full Text: PDF
Turkey in terms of location, is located in an active earthquake zone. The safety of buildings against earthquakes is important. Risky structures need to be identified and made resistant to earthquakes.There are also rapid screening methods for rapid use of post-earthquake structures and analysis of risk situations. Heavy damage assessment is made after the earthquake in Turkey. The original methods used in these studies were used. Bending and shearing damages are prominent in the detection work. It is aimed to make observational analysis on a structure by making use of the fast scanning methods and the methods used in heavy damage assessment studies after the earthquake. The structure examined within the scope of this analysis is located in Kadıköy District of Istanbul and was built in 1991. To determine the risk situation of the building, an observational analysis was made and it was concluded that it was risky. It has been understood that post-earthquake damage assessment studies can be used to detect risky structures, so that fast and economical determinations can be made. It is recommended to make fast revision methods for the determination of risky structures and to make revisions and additions in accordance with the methods used in post-earthquake damage assessment studies.
In recent years the number of medium rise buildings is slowly increasing in North Cyprus. As a result, the need to use new construction materials and technologies is becoming more essential. Using hot rolled steel and cold rolled galvanized light gauge steel for building frames are two of the possible alternatives to reinforced concrete building frames currently used in the market. The number of steel framed buildings so far is less than five percent of all the buildings. Steel is an imported material. It is mainly used for the industrial buildings, either as truss roof system and/or complete portal frame and/or truss roof steel framed single storey structures. The engineers are not knowledgeable enough, the lack of training, inadequate fabrication facilities and many years of having used to reinforced concrete framed structures are the main reasons for engineers not using enough steel framed structures. The first part of this paper investigates the problems and possible solution of steel usage for structures in North Cyprus by analysing the number of buildings constructed after the year 2000. The second part summarizes the problems relating to the local reinforced concrete framed building construction, including inadequacies of repair, quality control, material quality and isolation of buildings from the external effects. Sustainability, stability and repair aspects for steel structures in comparison to reinforced concrete structures in North Cyprus are also briefly discussed in this paper.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, zeminlerde birçok bağıntıda değişken olarak kullanılan birim hacim ağırlık değerinin karşılaştırılması ve sonucunda deneysel değerlere karşılık gelen ampirik değere en yakın katsayının bulunmasıdır. Bu amaçla birim hacim ağırlık değerleri tespit edilirken yaklaşık aynı zemin koşulları olacak şekilde farklı bağıntılarla hesaplanan ya da deneysel yöntem uygulanarak elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel yöntemler ve ampirik yaklaşımlarla türetilen tüm eşitlikler incelendiğinde (zeminler sınıflandırıldığında), literatürde kullanılan tahmini birim hacim ağırlık değerleri ile boyuna dalga (Vp) hızından elde edilen birim hacim ağırlık değerleri arasında ilişkinin düşük olduğu, buna karşılık deneysel yöntemlerle bulunan birim hacim ağırlık değerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İki sonuç arasındaki ilişkiye dayanarak deneysel yöntemlerle elde edilen değerin güvenilir olduğu kabul edilerek Vp hızından elde edilen bağıntıya bir katsayı atanmıştır. Bu sebeple daha hızlı ve maliyeti düşük olan sismik yöntemlerden birim hacim ağırlık değerinin tahmin edilmesi önerilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, mevcut eski binalarda saha çalışmaları sonucu kentsel dönüşüm kanunu ile riskli yapı tespitlerinde kullanılmak üzere yapılan donatı tespitleri ve malzeme değerlerinin deneysel verileri kullanılmıştır. Kullanım türü konut olan beş katlı iki bina üzerinde elde edilen deneysel veriler kullanılarak Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik 2007(DBYBHY2007)’ e göre doğrusal olmayan hesap yöntemleri uygulanarak güçlendirme uygulanmıştır. Güçlendirme Sta4Cad programı kullanılarak yapılmış olup elde edilen deneysel değerlerin ve zemin parametrelerinin programa girilmesi ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan analiz yöntemlerinden artımsal eşdeğer deprem yükü yöntemi(aedyy) ve artımsal mod birleştirme yöntemi(amby) kıllanılarak mevcut binaların performans seviyeleri can güvenliği performans seviyesini sağlayacak değerlere çıkarılmıştır. 1 ve 2 numaralı bina ayrı ayrı sadece mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanarak güçlendirilmiştir. Binaların mantolama ve perde duvar uygulanmış analiz sonuçları kendi aralarında karşılaştırılmıştır.
This study aims to explore the impact of construction managers' political skills on the relationship between quality management practices and the success of inter-organizational construction projects in Pakistan. Objectively, it examines how project managers' political acumen influences the effectiveness of quality management strategies and, consequently, project success. Employing a survey-based methodology, the research encompasses a broad spectrum of professionals involved in various construction projects across Pakistan. Through this analysis, the study identifies key challenges to project success and assesses the correlation between managerial political skills and the effective implementation of quality management practices. The findings reveal a notable positive relationship between these elements, highlighting the critical role of skills such as communication, stakeholder management, and conflict resolution. Additionally, the research underscores the interconnected nature of managerial competencies and identifies key factors impacting project success through advanced statistical techniques like principal component analysis and median absolute deviation. Significantly, this research provides novel insights into the role of human factors in the Pakistani construction industry's project management, proposing actionable strategies for skill enhancement and offering a comprehensive overview of factors influencing project success. These findings not only show the current skills and practices landscape but also lay the groundwork for future research and strategy implementation to boost industry-wide success. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-019 Full Text: PDF
