Introduction et but de l’étude: Bien qu’il ait été montré que le chômage puisse avoir un effet délétère sur l’état de santé, peu d’études se sont intéressées à son impact sur les comportements alimentaires, en particulier avec une approche longitudinale. L’objectif de notre étude était d’évaluer l’effet de la durée de chômage sur les apports alimentaires d’adultes.\nMatériel et méthodes: Cette étude a été menée auprès de 3955 adultes inclus dans l’étude NutriNet-Santé entre 2009 et 2010, et pour lesquels les consommations alimentaires ont été estimées à l’inclusion et chaque année de suivi, par des enregistrements alimentaires de 24 h répétés. Parmi cette population, nous avons identifié 3 groupes d’individus ayant un emploi à l’inclusion, selon leur statut d’emploi durant le suivi : 207 ont connu une période de chômage ≥ 1 an (CLD), 98 ont vécu un chômage < 1 an (CCD) et 2198 sont restés actifs au cours des 5 ans de suivi.\nRésultats et Analyse statistique : Des modèles mixtes à effets aléatoires du temps et du statut d’emploi et ajustés sur l’âge, le sexe, le niveau d’éducation et les apports en énergie ont été utilisés pour évaluer les changements alimentaires liés au chômage. A l’inclusion, les deux groupes de chômeurs (CLD et CCD) avaient un score d’adéquation aux recommandations du PNNS (CLD : β = -0,24, IC 95 % = [-0,34 ;-0,09] ; CCD : β = -0,23, IC 95 % = [0,43 ;-0,06]) et des consommations de « fruits et légumes » (CLD : β = -0,25, IC 95 % = [-0,38 ; -0,12]) ; CCD : β = -0,22, IC 95 % = [-0,40 ; -0,04]) et de « viande rouge, charcuterie et volaille » (CLD : β = -0,15, IC 95 % = [-0,27 ; -0,03]) ; CCD : β = -0.12, IC 95 % = [-0,29 ; -0,06]), plus faibles que les personnes restées actives pendant la même période. Comparé aux actifs, le groupe CCD avait un apport en sodium plus faible à l’inclusion (β = -0,13, IC 95 % = [-0,25 ; -0,05]) tandis que le groupe CLD avaient des apports en vitamines B9 et C plus faibles (respectivement, β = -0,14, IC 95 % = [-0,26 ; -0,03]) β = -0,18, IC 95 % = [-0,31 ; -0,05])) et des apports en énergie et en produits gras sucrés plus élevés (respectivement, β = 0,15, IC 95% = [0,03 ; 2,64]) ; β = 0,12, IC 95% =[0,02 ; 0,2])). En revanche, il n’y avait pas d’association statistiquement significative entre le statut d’emploi et une évolution au cours du temps des consommations, excepté pour les fruits et légumes et les produits gras sucrés. Chez le groupe CLD, une légère diminution des apports en produits gras sucrés et une faible augmentation de la consommation de fruits et légumes étaient observés au cours du suivi.\nConclusion: Notre étude a mis en évidence que, sur une période de cinq ans, les personnes ayant connu le chômage, quelle que soit sa durée, ont une alimentation moins favorable à la santé dès le début de cette période que ceux qui restent actifs tout au long du suivi, probablement en lien avec des conditions socioéconomiques plus difficiles (catégorie socioprofessionnelle plus basse, revenus plus faibles). Néanmoins, l’impact du chômage sur l‘alimentation n’est pas clairement identifié. D’autres changements du mode de vie tels que le tabagisme et l’activité physique doivent être investigués pour comprendre les effets potentiellement néfastes du chômage sur la santé.

Although experimental studies suggest that fruits, vegetables and legumes may exert protective effects against prostate carcinogenesis through various bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre and antioxidants, epidemiological evidence is lacking. Notably, very few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between legume intake and prostate cancer risk. Our objective was to prospectively investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, tomato products, potatoes and legume intakes and prostate cancer risk. This study included 3313 male participants to the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants cohort (follow-up: 1994-2007) who completed at least three 24-h dietary records during the first 2 years of follow-up. Associations between tertiles of intake and prostate cancer risk were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. After a median follow-up of 12·6 years, 139 incident prostate cancers were diagnosed. An inverse association was observed between prostate cancer risk and tertiles of legume intake (hazard ratio (HR)T3v.T1=0·53; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·85; P trend=0·009). This association was maintained after excluding soya and soya products from the legume group (HRT3 v.T1=0·56; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·89; P trend=0·02). No association was observed between prostate cancer risk and tertiles of intakes of fruits (P trend=0·25), vegetables (P trend=0·91), potatoes (P trend=0·77) and tomato products (P trend=0·09). This prospective study confirms the null association between fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes and prostate cancer risk observed in most previous cohorts. In contrast, although very few prospective studies have been published on the topic, our results suggest an inverse association between legume intake and prostate cancer risk, supported by mechanistic plausibility. These results should be confirmed by large-scale observational and intervention studies.

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major public health burden. Dispositional mindfulness has recently been associated with eating disorders, being overweight, and could therefore be associated with the MetS. We aimed to examine in a cross-sectional design the relationship between mindfulness, the MetS, and its risk factors in a large sample of the adult general population and the influence of depressive symptomatology on this association. Adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé study who had completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire and attended a clinical and biological examination were available for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were performed. A total of 17,490 individuals were included. Among individuals with a depressive symptomatology, those with higher mindfulness were less likely to have a MetS (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93), a high waist circumference, a low HDL-cholesterol level and an elevated fasting blood glucose level (all <i>p</i> <0.05). In those without depressive symptomatology, individuals with higher mindfulness were less likely to have a high waist circumference (<i>p</i> <0.01). In conclusion, higher mindfulness was associated with lower odds of developing a MetS only among individuals with a depressive symptomatology.

Objectives: We investigated the association of various classes and subclasses of polyphenol intakes with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cardiovascular and all-causes mortality in the SU.VI.MAX cohort. Methods: Polyphenol intakes were estimated using the detailed Phenol-Explorer Database and associations with mortality were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. Linear mixed effect models allowed the assessment of the longitudinal associations between quartiles of total polyphenol intake, 15 polyphenol subtypes and change in anthropometry over the 6-year follow-up. Models were adjusted for sex, age, socio-economic status, lifestyle, daily dietary intake and health status. Results: Participants in the highest quartile of intake of flavones (P=0.013), lignans (P=0.020), total polyphenols (P=0.050) experienced a less notable increase in BMI and participants in the highest quartile of intake of proanthocyanidins (P=0.04), flavanones (P=0.002), flavones (P=0.001), hydroxycinnamic acids (P=0.027) and lignans (P=0.009) experienced a less notable increase in WC over time compared to their counterparts in the bottom quartile of intake of the respective polyphenols. High intakes of flavones were associated with a reduction of the all-causes mortality (HR, 0.46 (95%CI, 0.26-0.80)) as compared with low intakes. Among subclass of flavones, apigenin arabinoside-glucoside and apigenin galactoside-arabinoside, two individual flavones, reduced total mortality (ptrend=0.02 and 0.02 respectively). Cardiovascular mortality was affected only with intakes of apigenin arabinoside-glucoside (ptrend=0.05). Conclusion: Dietary polyphenol intakes may help in reducing weight gain over time in the general population while moderate increases in BMI and WC over time have been shown to increase disease risk and high intakes of flavone may reduce all-causes mortality.

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There were no beneficial effects of supplementation with relatively low doses of B vitamins or n-3 fatty acids on health-related quality of life in cardiovascular disease survivors. The adverse effects of B vitamins on activity limitations and of n-3 fatty acids on vitality among individuals with prior myocardial infarction merit confirmation.

Studies have suggested differential associations of specific indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) with nutrient intake and a cumulative effect of these indicators on diet. We investigated the independent association of SEP indicators (education, income, occupation) with nutrient intake and their effect modification. This cross-sectional analysis included 91,900 French adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Nutrient intake was estimated using three 24-h records. We investigated associations between the three SEP factors and nutrient intake using sex-stratified analysis of covariance, adjusted for age and energy intake, and associations between income and nutrient intake stratified by education and occupation. Low educated participants had higher protein and cholesterol intakes and lower fibre, vitamin C and beta-carotene intakes. Low income individuals had higher complex carbohydrate intakes, and lower magnesium, potassium, folate and vitamin C intakes. Intakes of vitamin D and alcohol were lower in low occupation individuals. Higher income was associated with higher intakes of fibre, protein, magnesium, potassium, beta-carotene, and folate among low educated persons only, highlighting effect modification. Lower SEP, particularly low education, was associated with lower intakes of nutrients required for a healthy diet. Each SEP indicator was associated with specific differences in nutrient intake suggesting that they underpin different social processes.

The study provides new insights into the understanding of organic food consumption as a part of a healthy diet and sheds some light on the dietary profiles of different categories of organic food consumers. These results underline strong dietary behaviour correlates associated with organic food consumption that should be controlled for in future aetiological studies on organic foods and health.

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