Un important faisceau d‘arguments concourt a montrer le role de la synthese directe ou indirecte des radicaux libres dans le processus cellulaire de l‘atherosclerose. Les radicaux libres riches en oxygene sont des composes tres reactifs, capables de dommages au sein du noyau et de la membrane cellulaire portant sur l‘ADN, les proteines, les hydrates de carbone ou les lipides membranaires. La reaction en chaine destructrice initiee par les radicaux libres peut etre stoppee par les antioxydants, capables a leur tour de les transformer en des derives inactifs. Le β‐carotene et les vitamines C et E sont des puissants oxydants. Les donnees experimentale et d‘etudes epidemiologiques d‘observation indiquent que les vitamines antioxydantes seraient un moyen de reduire le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires. Tandis que des preuves suggerent qu‘une insuffisance d‘apport en vitamines antioxydantes est associee a un risque eleve de pathologies coronaires, les resultats des essais de supplementation dans le cadre de la prevention primaire et secondaire qui ont utilise une mono‐supplementation en vitamines antioxydantes a dose elevee ne montrent aucun effet benefique. Il reste encore un espoir de benefice cardiovasculaire lie a une supplementation en antioxydants, espoir provenant de donnees mechanistiques et epidemiologiques, qui suggerent que les antioxydants n‘agissent pas seulement de maniere individuelle, mais aussi par cooperation et meme parfois par synergie. Dans l‘attente de la confirmation de cette hypothese, plutot que de promouvoir une supplementation individuelle en antioxydants, il semble plus raisonnable de diffuser et de suivre les recommandations nutritionnelles du PNNS (Programme National Nutrition Sante) en suggerant la consommation quotidienne de plus de cinq fruits et legumes. En effet, ce type d‘alimentation est systematique associe a un niveau faible de risque cardiovasculaire.
This study allowed identification of the environmental determinants of NO(2) exposure in an urban sample. These data, together with those obtained previously, well be used to establish an exposure matrix for NO(2).
Read moreThe relationships of diet, development, and maturation indices to the status of blood iron and folate indicators were studied among 233 adolescent girls aged 10-16 years. Statistically significant associations between total iron intake and hemoglobin, plasma iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were observed after controlling the confounding effect of other parameters. Iron intake provided by meat was positively related to hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Moreover, post-menarcheal girls and girls in their growth spurt peak had a lower serum ferritin level than the others. Plasma and erythrocyte folate levels increased with increasing folate intake from vegetables and fruits. Plasma folate level decreased with decreasing folate from meat. Plasma and erythrocyte folate levels decreased with chronologic age independantly of dietary intake. Among this nutritionally vulnerable group, our results specify the effect of factors known to influence iron and folate status.
Read moreGuidelines for a healthy diet often recommend limiting dietary sugars and fats. Some researchers have called these aims mutually incompatible, suggesting that fat and sugar intakes, when expressed as percent dietary energy, are inversely linked. Others have argued that sugar, more specifically sucrose, acts as a vehicle for dietary fat and serves to suppress the overall quality of the diet. This study examined the relationship between age, sucrose and fat intakes, body mass index (BMI), and measures of dietary diversity and variety in a community-based sample of 837 French adults. Consistent with other studies, high consumption of added sucrose (in g/day or g/1000 kcal per day) was associated with higher consumption of energy and fat and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit. However, eating patterns were strongly influenced by age. High-sucrose consumers were significantly younger and had lower BMI values than did low-sucrose consumers, who were both older and had higher BMIs. High-sucrose diets had minimal effect on the diet diversity score and were associated with more varied diets, as evidenced by a higher dietary variety score.
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Read moreLocally based surveys, unite! The EURALIM example. EURALIM Study Group. European Information Campaign on Diet and Nutrition. A Morabia, S Beer-Borst, and S HercbergCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.8.1153 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Read moreAntioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: Dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? S Hercberg, P Galan, and P PreziosiCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.3.289 Published Online: October 07, 2011
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