. showcase that interferons (IFNs) trigger a functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by downregulating NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 4 (NDUFA4), a key subunit of mitochondrial complex Ⅳ. This drives a transition from protumor TAMs to antitumor IFN-associated TAMs (IFN-TAMs) through activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. This mechanism can be leveraged to boost antitumor immunity and improve responses to immune checkpoint blockade.

Abstract Die Kinetik der Zersetzung wäßriger (′103‐ Lösungen wird unter den Bedingungen der Chlorbleiche von Pulpe (40‐80°C, pH 2‐7), jedoch in Abwesenheit von Pulpe untersucht.

In this study, we consider the extended Brinkman's-Darcy model for a triple diffusive convection system which consists of some parameters such as Taylor number (Ta), Solutal Rayleigh numbers (RC1 , RC2 ), and Prandtl number (Pr). To investigate the range of these parameters, a dynamical system of the Ginzburg-Landau equation is developed. The parametric analysis and comparative study of the model for the three Rayleigh numbers which leads to the clear fluid layer, sparsely packed porous layer, and densely packed porous layer is done with the help of bifurcation maps and the Lyapunov exponents. It is found that for a certain range of parameters, the system exhibits a chaotic behaviour.

Graphene is an ideal sample support for electron microscopy experiments. Its crystalline nature and single atomic thickness make it easy for any objects placed on graphene to be identified and studied. At the same time, these advantages can easily be negated by contamination of the graphene surface, which often occurs during growth and transfer procedures. In this study, we present a new polymer-free transfer method by direct adhesion, which produces contamination-free graphene for sample support in transmission electron microscopy studies. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and convergent beam electron diffraction images of the samples obtained using the new graphene transfer protocol show the absence of any contamination originating from the transfer procedure, and only soft contamination due to hydrocarbons is observed. These observations are supported by simulations of graphene with hydrocarbons. We also compare the new dry transfer method against two other procedures known from the previous literature. The samples prepared using the new direct polymer-free adhesion method demonstrate superior quality when compared to the samples prepared by the two other procedures.

We investigate the origin of stereocontrol in asymmetric counteranion-directed photoredox catalysis (ACPC) using a representative [2+2] cycloaddition mediated by a chiral IDPi counteranion (Science 2023, 379, 494–499). Combining extensive conformational sampling, high-level DFT calculations, and multiscale modeling, we elucidate the mechanism and stereochemical landscape of this transformation. Both enantio- and diastereoselectivity are established in the first C–C bond-forming step: diastereoselectivity arises from intrinsic aryl–aryl interactions within the radical cation–styrene pair, whereas enantioselectivity is imposed by the confined chiral environment of the IDPi counteranion. Although electronically silent during the initial photoinduced single-electron transfer, the counteranion anchors the radical cation and organizes its cycloaddition with styrene. Atomic decomposition of the London dispersion (ADLD) and molecular dispersion potential (MDP) analyses reveal that attractive van der Waals forces, shaped by the steric and electronic architecture of the counteranion, promote reactive prealignment of the substrates and selectively stabilize the transition state leading to the major product. Extension to substituted styrenes shows that ring substitution reconfigures the noncovalent contact map within the catalyst pocket, reshaping the energetic balance between competing pathways in line with experiment. These findings provide a unified framework for stereocontrol in chiral ion-pair radical catalysis and offer general strategies for designing asymmetric photoredox transformations.

Blue natural capital (BNC) markets have the potential to address global environmental crises such as biodiversity and climate emergencies by contributing to the conservation and restoration of marine ecosystems while providing economic benefits to the owners of these ecosystems and the buyers of their services.Philanthropic and official aid fall short of the funding needed to protect and restore BNC.The resulting finance gap for nature, now approaching USD $1 trillion annually, cannot be closed without mobilizing private capital at scale.However, developing nature markets face significant challenges, including the absence of the visible hand (i.e., policy and regulation) and global coordination, along with issues related to market design, valuation, credibility, governance, and social equity.This paper recognizes and explores the complexities of establishing equitable and nature-positive BNC markets that integrate environmental, social, cultural, and economic dimensions to support market development that is both sustainable and inclusive.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been efficiently hydrogenated into the highly valuable 5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofurfural (HMTHF) through the selective hydrogenation of the furan ring using Pd supported on pure silica ITQ-2 zeolite functionalized with amino groups (Pd-NITQ-2). Highly dispersed nanosized Pd nanoparticles were generated on the amino functionalized support, which exhibits high activity and selectivity to HMTHF. Yields up to 97% (99% selectivity) of HMTHF were achieved by working at room temperature under 10 bar hydrogen using ethanol as a solvent. Comparatively, Pd supported over nonfunctionalized ITQ-2 (Pd-ITQ-2) showed 17 times lower activity than Pd-NITQ-2. The IR of CO titration studies showed that on Pd-ITQ-2, catalyst oxophilic Pd species (Pdδ+) are generated, which is related to their lower activity in H2 activation and therefore their lower activity in the hydrogenation of the furan ring with respect to the Pd-NITQ-2 sample. The effect of Pd loading on NITQ-2, as well as the solvent effect, was studied. The optimized catalyst ((1%)-Pd-NITQ-2) was stable and could be reused for seven consecutive cycles, practically maintaining activity and selectivity. Finally, the optimized catalyst was applied to three different two-step cascade processes to obtain tetrahydrofuran substituted Knoevenagel adducts, N-substituted tetrahydrofurfurylamines, and tetrahydrofuran-substituted benzimidazole derivatives.

While existing photovoltaic technologies continue to advance, there are still many exciting opportunities in the area of novel materials. These opportunities arise because there is a substantial need for reducing the costs associated with the preparation and processing of photovoltaics, and because the theoretically possible photovoltaic efficiencies have yet to be achieved in practical devices. Thus it remains reasonable to continue photovoltaic research activity aimed at entirely new approaches to processing and at entirely new materials as the active media. This group identified three areas for further consideration: (a) Nano/molecular composites and hierarchical structures; (b) Organic semiconductors; and (c) Hot carrier devices.