The elastic modulus of multilayer graphene is found to be more robust to damage created by high-energy α-particle irradiation as compared to monolayer graphene. Theoretical analysis indicates that irradiation of multilayer graphene generates interlayer links that potentially increase the stiffness of the multilayer by passivating local defects.
A significant ageing trend can be observed in Europe and in other parts of the world. Fertility is decreasing and life expectancy increasing. The impact of migration is growing. The book deals with the implications for financial markets of these demographic trends. Leading economists and financial experts from Europe and the United States evaluate the challenges to public pension systems and the private pension industry. Based on long-term projections of productivity and employment they look at potential growth in GDP per capita and implications for savings and wealth. Pension fund portfolio management is discussed together with the ability of capital markets to serve retirement-financing purposes. Fiscal as well as financial sustainability are analysed in depth. The roles of global imbalances and international capital movements are included. Most chapters also discuss policy implications - in particular with regard to how pension saving incentives and rules and incentives for retirement should be in order to ensure fiscal and financial sustainability. All contributions in the book are based on presentations at the 26th SUERF Colloquium on "Money, Finance and Demography - the Consequences of Ageing" held on 12-14 October, 2006 in Lisbon sponsored by Banco de Portugal and Millennium bcp and in cooperation with the Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
BACKGROUND: External incentives increasingly encourage hospitals to address health-related social needs, yet limited evidence exists about whether social needs interventions are associated with quality indicators like potentially preventable admissions. OBJECTIVE: We analyze whether four hospital interventions-meal delivery, transportation to health services, mobile clinics, and community-oriented violence prevention programs-are associated with potentially preventable hospitalizations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of survey-based and claims-based data. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 813 hospitals from 14 states, representing 6,003,739 adult all-payer hospital admissions. APPROACH: This study merged 2017 Healthcare Cost Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases with 2017 American Hospital Association survey data. Generalized linear models for each of the four interventions were separately estimated to assess the association with potentially preventable hospitalizations, controlling for hospital and patient characteristics. Sensitivity analyses restricted regression modeling to adult Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries. KEY RESULTS: A minority (13%) of hospital admissions were potentially preventable. 24% of hospitals offered transportation to health services, 16% offered mobile clinic services, 16% offered violence prevention programs, and 9% offered meal delivery. In adjusted analyses, hospital meal delivery was associated with 1.1% lower predicted probability of a potentially preventable hospitalization (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.1% to -0.1%), with a stronger relationship among Medicaid beneficiaries (-2.3%, 95% CI -3.5% to -1.0%). Associations for other social needs interventions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital meal delivery was associated with significantly lower probability of potentially preventable hospitalizations, with larger effects for Medicaid beneficiaries. Meal delivery may support hospital quality. More nuanced understanding about the reach of social needs interventions is needed to further examine the impact of these hospital-based services on patient outcomes.
Why, given that this is a global credit crisis and recession, have policy makers in other countries failed to move as aggressively? And why have US policy measures … not halted the downward spiral?
Read moreAbstract In numerous systems, giant physical responses have been discovered when two phases coexist; for example, near a phase transition. An intermetallic FeRh system undergoes a first-order antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition above room temperature and shows two-phase coexistence near the transition. Here we have investigated the effect of an electric field to FeRh/PMN-PT heterostructures and report 8% change in the electrical resistivity of FeRh films. Such a ‘giant’ electroresistance (GER) response is striking in metallic systems, in which external electric fields are screened, and thus only weakly influence the carrier concentrations and mobilities. We show that our FeRh films comprise coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases with different resistivities and the origin of the GER effect is the strain-mediated change in their relative proportions. The observed behaviour is reminiscent of colossal magnetoresistance in perovskite manganites and illustrates the role of mixed-phase coexistence in achieving large changes in physical properties with low-energy external perturbation.
Read moreSeeking a transformative memory scheme that grows in performance and capacity as the infrastructure expands.
Read moreJournal Article A Special Issue of the European Review of Economic History: Guest Editors' Introduction Get access Barry Eichengreen, Barry Eichengreen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marc Flandreau Marc Flandreau Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Review of Economic History, Volume 13, Issue 3, December 2009, Pages 285–286, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1361491609990165 Published: 13 November 2009
Read moreSub-50 mV operation of nano-electro-mechanical relays is demonstrated for the first time, enabled by an anti-stiction molecular coating. Specifically, a self-assembled monolayer of perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) is shown to be effective for reducing the switching hysteresis voltage, without dramatically increasing its ON-state resistance, enabling stable device operation at very low voltages.
Read moreThe unprecedented accumulation of international reserves by emerging markets raises the question of how to best utilize these funds. Should they be held as a war chest to guard against the risk of financial crisis? Or should they be used to recapitalize weak banking systems, following the example of China? Could the resource cost be limited by
Read more2008 was marked by the tenth anniversary of the Asian crisis and the debate over how to reform the international financial architecture but also by the outbreak of the most serious global credit crisis in generations. This paper reviews the debate over how to strengthen the international monetary and financial system in this light.
Read moreWhat was once almost quaintly referred to in the United States as the Subprime Crisis eventually came to be known, in America and abroad, as the Great Global Credit Crisis of 2008-2009.The change in terminology is itself indicative of the international spread of the crisis.It reflects how, in the end, no country was immune to the global reach of ½nancial instability.Now that the worst effects are past, of-½cials have begun drawing lessons and formulating policy responses.The United States has focused on strengthening mortgage underwriting standards, moving transactions in derivative ½nancial instruments onto organized exchanges, and curbing proprietary trading by depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (fdic).The United Kingdom has emphasized the perverse incentives created by bonus-based compensation of ½nancial executives and sought to reform executive pay.France and Germany have singled out the risks created by lightly regulated hedge funds and private equity ½rms.Of½cials in other countries have prioritized still other issues.On what should take precedence there is little agreement.
Read moreText. The text for this course is Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton University Press, 2007). We will read a portion of Clarks book every week in order to understand how economic historians think about the big issues of growth, stagnation, development and underdevelopment in the very long run. This book will be supplemented by other readings. Students will be aware that there are two kinds of textbooks. First, those in which the author purportedly suppresses his personal opinions and provides a digest of the facts as they are understood by scholars. Second, those in which an opinionated author alerts his readers to unsettled controversies and prompts further reflection. Clarks book is the second sort. Students should not expect to find conventional wisdom and easy answers. But those who bear with it will be stimulated to think further. A Farewell to Alms is for sale at the ASUC store and your favorite on-line bookseller and is on reserve at Moffitt.
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