A combination of genetic and environmental factors probably plays a role in determining an increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). Among these factors, vitamin D and A metabolites are likely to play a role given their immunomodulatory properties. Decreased serum vitamin D levels have been associated with clinical and MRI activity of MS. Løken-Amsrud et al. evaluated the association of retinol concentration with clinical and MRI measures of disease activity in MS patients over a 2-year period. Serum retinol levels correlated with MRI metrics of disease activity, but not with clinical findings. Following IFN-β-1a treatment, the association with MRI metrics was lost. These results support a role of vitamin A metabolites in influencing disease activity in MS.
Carlo Avolio, Massimo Filippi, Carla Tortorella, Maria A. Rocca, Maddalena Ruggieri, Federica Agosta, Valentina Tomassini, Carlo Pozzilli, S. Stecchi, Patrizia Giaquinto, Paolo Livrea, María Trojano
Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Kassandra L. Munger, Karl Köchert, Barry G.W. Arnason, Gıancarlo Comı, Stuart D. Cook, Douglas S. Goodin, Massimo Filippi, Hans-Peter Hartung, Douglas Jeffery, Paul O’Connor, Gustavo Cruz, Rupert Sandbrink, Ludwig Kappos, Christoph Pohl, Alberto Ascherio
Carlo Pozzilli, P. Falaschi, Caterina Mainero, Antonio Martocchia, ROSARIA D’URSO, Antonella Proietti, Marco Frontoni, Stefano Bastianello, Massimo Filippi
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