Uncertainty, knowledge discovery and data mining in GIS

Geographical information (GI) science is rapidly developing and interfaces with numerous disciplines. It is, therefore, not surprising that as well as making new developments, perhaps by transferring knowledge and methods from other fields of study into the arena, old issues are revisited, especially to clarify or perhaps recast important foundations. This report will focus on a few topics that have received recent attention in GI science. This includes the topics of knowledge discovery and data mining that are drawing on developments outside geography but that may significantly help the advancement of geographical science. First, however, attention is focused on a perennial issue of uncertainty.