Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting of Power Transmission Lines Galloping and Self-Powered Galloping State Monitoring

With the vigorous advancement of Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things (UEIOT), online monitoring is essential for a stable operation of the transmission system. The energy supply that drives the monitoring system has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of distributed sensing systems. In view of the vibration with the characteristics of low-frequency and large-amplitude generated in the conductor galloping, a self-powered sensor has been proposed. This sensor consists of an electromagnetic generator (EMG), a horizontal TENG (H-TENG), and a vertical TENG (V-TENG) to provide an alternative approach for capturing mechanical energy derived from conductor galloping. Based on triboelectric–electromagnetic working principal, a sophisticated-designed stator and rotor structure oriented to the application scenarios of transmission lines successfully achieved self-power through the designed EMG and galloping state sensing through the designed H-TENG and V-TENG, respectively. The output performance of the hybridized nanogenerator was well validated on the linear motor platform and the conductor galloping test platform, and the output current was used to realize the characterization of the conductor galloping amplitude and galloping trajectory. This work not only provides an effective and sustainable solution to the self-powered intelligent sensor nodes in the complex surroundings of power transmission system, but also reveals TENG promising potential on the sensing applications in low-power monitoring sensors for conductor galloping.