Three-dimensional laser scanning for large-scale as-built surveying of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Speed Skating Stadium: A case study

The latest 3D laser scanning technology is implemented in a practical project—2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Speed Skating Stadium—to investigate its effectiveness on the large-scale as-built surveying of civil infrastructures. The laser scanning was used for measuring the vertical deformation of flexible orthotropic cable net roof structure and for assessing the installation tolerance of curved glass curtain wall system. It was observed that 66% of clamps in the flexible roof structure showed vertical deviations within the range of ±5 mm and 94% of clamps showed deviations within ±10 mm. Additionally, about 60% of the vertical joints in transparent glass curtain wall showed deviations within the range of ±10 mm and the overall median deviation was only 2 mm. Given the complex structural form of the cable net roof structure and the glass curtain wall system, 3D laser scanning demonstrated unparalleled efficiency as compared to the conventional measuring methods.