Thickness-Independent Capacitance of Vertically Aligned Liquid-Crystalline MXenes

The scalable and sustainable manufacture of thick electrode films with high energy and power densities is critical for the large-scale storage of electrochemical energy for application in transportation and stationary electric grids. Two-dimensional nanomaterials have become the predominant choice of electrode material in the pursuit of high energy and power densities owing to their large surface-area-to-volume ratios and lack of solid-state diffusion. This chapter demonstrates electrochemical energy storage that is independent of film thickness for vertically aligned two-dimensional titanium carbide, a material from the MXene family. The precise control of directional ion transport is of fundamental importance to fields besides electrochemical energy storage, including filtration, fuel cells, catalysis and photovoltaics.