The role of the hole-transport layer in perovskite solar cells - reducing recombination and increasing absorption

The role of the hole-transport layer (HTL) in CHjNHPbb perovskite solar cells is investigated. It is found that it mainly serves three purposes: First, deposited prior to the gold electrode, it avoids direct contact of the metal electrode with the mesoporous TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -perovskite layer, and therefore increases the selectivity of the contact. This reduces recombination as evident from an increased open-circuit voltage and a higher luminescence efficiency. Second, the HTL increases the internal quantum efficiency independent of applied voltage and illumination wavelength by reducing (diffusion) losses of charges. Third, due to a smoothing of the TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -perovskite mesoscopic layer the HTL increases the reflectivity of the gold electrode, allowing for a second path of the light through the absorber. Both effects result in an enhancement of the short-circuit current density.