The quest for optimal spacecraft attitude determination filtering algorithm using GNSS phase measurements: An overview

This paper overviews the estimation algorithms related with the problem of Attitude Determination (AD) of a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite using carrier phase based measurements of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In the past three decades, this problem has been addressed overwhelmingly and many solutions and schemes have not only been devised but also been implemented on real space missions. Many space based GPS receivers have been designed, tested and patented also. The problem involves two basic algorithms; Ambiguity Resolution (AR) and the Attitude Determination / Estimation Algorithms. Researchers have developed and employed different schemes and algorithms in this context but the quest for the computational efficient algorithms and the integration of both the optimal algorithms is still an active area of research for the GNSS researchers.