The Political Economy of Japan's Net-Zero Vision in the Context of Energy Security

This article analyzes Japan's ambitious 2050 net-zero emissions target and its effects on energy security with a primary focus on the strategic role of hydrogen technology Japan's energy security dilemma lies in its dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear power, and the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy sources. Understanding how Japan's 2050 Net-Zero Vision shapes its foreign and security policies is essential, especially as hydrogen technology plays a central role in these changes. This work posits that while Japan's hydrogen ambitions offer promise, the challenge of balancing energy security with net-zero goals is complex. The high costs of hydrogen production and ongoing reliance on fossil fuels complicate Japan's energy transition and international energy partnerships. The article employs a political economy framework to evaluate the feasibility and practicality of Japan's hydrogen-centric energy strategy, taking into account both domestic policy implications and its impact on global alliances. Why environmental and climate security is often secondary to economic security in energy discussions requires further examination. The article presents theoretical perspectives on the reduction of fossil fuel dependence, the enhancement of energy self-sufficiency, and the advancement of technologies that can mitigate long-term vulnerabilities. Hydrogen plays a pivotal role in Japan's energy and climate agenda, serving as a cornerstone for both domestic objectives and international collaboration. Furthermore, the article analyses Japan's hydrogen collaborations with ASEAN and Middle Eastern countries, along with the geopolitical and economic implications. This study identifies the opportunities and challenges in Japan's transition to new energy sources and examines the broader implications of Japan's energy security for global energy dynamics. The article maps the scope of major challenges Japan faces in balancing its net-zero targets—a critical issue for both regional and global policy—while ensuring its energy security.