The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Episodic Memory Functioning: A Systematic Review: Table 1.

In general, studies show that PAE results in impaired verbal and visual-spatial episodic memory performance in affected individuals and these impairments are unlikely to be secondary to a global impairment. However, impairments on some memory tests are specific to the encoding stage, whereas retention is relatively spared; suggesting that the episodic memory deficit might be influenced, at least in part, by higher order cognitive processes.