A novel non-coherent multi-level differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) modulation scheme is proposed in this paper. This new scheme is based on both the transmitted-reference technique and M-ary orthogonal modulation, where each data-bearing signal is chosen from a set of orthogonal chaotic wavelets constructed by a reference signal. Thanks to this signaling design, the new scheme can achieve a higher attainable data rate, lower energy loss in reference transmission, increased bandwidth efficiency, better data security and better bit error rate (BER) performance as compared to the conventional DCSK. Unlike other DCSK-based systems that separate the reference and data-bearing signals using the TDMA scheme, this new system employs I/Q channels to send these two signals in a parallel and simultaneous manner, making the system easily extendable to multi-carriers. This transmission mechanism not only can further increase data rate but also can remove all radio frequency delay lines from detectors. Analytical BER expressions of the proposed system are derived for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Relevant simulation results are given and compared to non-coherent binary/M-ary DCSK systems. In addition, the impacts of various system parameters on noise performance are discussed. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the promising benefits of the new design.
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