Synthesis of higher order nonlinear circuit elements

Higher and mixed-order <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port circuit elements were introduced recently to provide a logically complete formulation for nonlinear circuit theory. In this paper, higher order mutators are defined and used to synthesize these elements. The class of all higher order mutators is shown to form a group under cascade interconnections. Each mutator is realized using only linear capacitors, linear inductors and linear controlled sources. An upper bound on each type of element needed to realize a mutator is also given. Each higher or mixed-order <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port element is realized by cascading appropriate mutators across each port of a nonlinear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port resistor. Our main theorem shows that any higher or mixed-order nonlinear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> -port element with a constitutive relation defined on a compact set can be realized using linear capacitors, inductors, and controlled sources, and 2 -terminal nonlinear resistors.