The standard bicycle has a well defined form: two same-size in-line wheels with a triangular-shaped frame and an almost vertical riding position. This bike model is the “safety bicycle” 1870's model. May be it is not the most efficient form and, for sure, not the latest developed. The improvement had not been so important. There was indeed a big jump in the late 80's/early 90's, some of which could be attributed both to an increase in time trials and, may be, also to the doping practices of the time. In any case, doping of some form or another has been going on since the beginning of the Tour de France. Time trials are crucial for average speed and it may be they are entirely responsible for the improvement. In any case many other significant advantages have been made on the man-machine. Training and nutrition have been improved through the years.
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