Stroke and bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: evaluating ‘valvular heart disease’ in a nationwide cohort study

This is the first validation of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores in AF patients with VHD (so-called 'valvular AF') using the new EHRA classification. Both scores are modestly predictive of thromboembolism and bleeding events in VHD, respectively. Event rates increased with increasing risk factors as evident by increasing CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED score points, consistent with performance of these clinical scores in 'non-valvular AF' patients.