Stochastic seepage analysis in embankment dams using different types of random fields

Random field theory has become a very popular approach for probabilistic analysis of earth dams. This study performs a stochastic analysis of seepage through an embankment dam to account for the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters. The originality of this study consists in using and comparing three types of Random Fields RFs for the seepage analysis: classical stationary RFs, conditional RFs (to consider the position of available measurements), and non-stationary RFs (to consider the mean variation with depth). The same sample of hydraulic conductivity values is considered to generate the three types of random fields. The hydraulic conductivity RFs are integrated into a Finite Element seepage analysis model to evaluate the flow velocity, hydraulic gradient, pore water pressure, and flow rate. The process is repeated by Monte Carlo simulations to characterize the spatial variability of the seepage results in terms of mean and standard deviation at each point of the studied dam and its foundation. The results show a higher dispersion for the stationary RF case and a lower dispersion for the conditional RF case. For the case study, the results also show that the use of different RFs for modelling the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity induces differences that can be considered significant for flow velocity, moderate for hydraulic gradient and minor for pore pressure.