Spontaneous Ovulation in a True Hermaphrodite with Normal Male Phenotype and a Rare 46,XX/47,XXY Klinefelter’s Mosaic Karyotype

<i>Background:</i> Most true hermaphrodite patients – characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tis- sue – demonstrate ambiguous genitalia and are diagnosed at birth, most commonly bearing a 46,XX karyotype. <i>Patient and Methods:</i> We report on a 13-year-old boy presenting with left scrotal hemorrhage. He had a left inguinal hernia, a palpable testis in the right, normal male external genitalia and significant gynecomastia. During operation, the left gonad and adjacent tissue were removed for histological examination, which revealed the presence of a normal ovary, rich in follicles and a ruptured corpus luteum, suggestive of spontaneous ovulation, with a normal ipsilateral adnexa and semi-uterus. Biopsy of the right gonad revealed a dysgenetic testicle. Endocrinological assessment postoperatively depicted high FSH, pubertal testosterone and low estradiol levels. Cytogenetic analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and FISH of the right gonad revealed a 46,XX (70–60%)/47,XXY (30–40%) karyotype, respectively, while molecular analysis verified the presence of SRY and azoospermia factor genes. <i>Conclusion:</i> The importance of full histological, cytogenetic and molecular investigation and of interdisciplinary approach in every single patient with sex differentiation disorders is highlighted by this rare case of spontaneous ovulation in a true hermaphrodite with normal male external genitalia and Klinefelter mosaicism.