Recent studies indicate that extracellular signals affect cell proliferation and differentiation by modulating transcription factor activity via protein phosphorylation cascades. This review discusses the basic outline of the eukaryotic signal transduction systems used to transmit information from the cell surface to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus. Several examples that illustrate how these pathways control cell proliferation, differentiation and development are discussed.
Nancy L. Johnson, Anne M. Gardner, Katrina Diener, Carol A. Lange, Janice Gleavy, Matthew Jarpe, Audrey Minden, Michael Karin, Leonard I. Zon, Gary L. Johnson
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