Serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels in different stages of alcohol dependence: Is there a relationship with craving?

Introduction: In the literature, the relationship between appetite regulating peptides and alcohol craving is on the debate. Aim: This study aims to investigate serum level of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, which is discovered as appetite-related neuropeptide, in patients with alcohol dependence who were in craving and abstaining phase and to compare with healthy controls. Settings and Design: Research, Treatment, and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence, (AMATEM) Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, case–control and prospective study design were used. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, paired samples, independent samples t- and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients with alcohol dependence who have been admitted for detoxification and thirty healthy controls were included in the study. The blood samples were drawn after the 1st day of admission and postdetoxification treatment in inpatients who reached to abstinence period and from 30 healthy controls. The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale were applied to detect craving scores. Results: Initial serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels in patients were significantly lower than in the healthy control group (P < 0.001). The NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level of initial phase was significantly lower than abstinence phase (P = 0.027). No correlation was found between craving scores and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study is the first that showed significant differences of serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 level according to different stages of alcohol dependence. Plasma NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels were lower in highest craving phase and tended to normalize after abstinence. Since we could not find a correlation between craving and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels, the increase of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in abstinence phase might have been resulted from other reasons apart from craving.