Selective Molecular Separation on Ti₃C₂T<i>_x</i>–Graphene Oxide Membranes during Pressure-Driven Filtration: Comparison with Graphene Oxide and MXenes

In this work, we prepared 90 nm thick Ti₃C₂T_x-graphene oxide (GO) membranes laminated on a porous support by mixing GO with Ti₃C₂T_x. This process was chosen to prevent the penetration of target molecules through inter-edge defects or voids with poor packing. The lattice period of the prepared membrane was 14.28 Å, as being swelled with water, resulting in an effective interlayer spacing of around 5 Å, which corresponds to two layers of water molecules. The composite membranes effectively rejected dye molecules with hydrated radii above 5 Å, as well as positively charged dye molecules, during pressure-driven filtration at 5 bar. Rejection rates were 68% for methyl red, 99.5% for methylene blue, 93.5% for rose Bengal, and 100% for brilliant blue (hydrated radii of 4.87, 5.04, 5.88, and 7.98 Å, respectively). Additionally, the rejections of composite membrane were compared with GO membrane and Ti₃C₂T_x membrane.