Seismic Response Assessment of Tapered Piles in Sandy Soils: A Numerical Investigation

For the same volume, tapered (non-prismatic) piles have premium advantages over conventional (prismatic) cylindrical piles with respect to the axial and lateral load resistance and, thereby, are considered an economical alternative to prismatic piles. While previous investigations have studied the behavior of tapered piles subjected to different dynamic loading conditions, their seismic response has not yet received a comprehensive examination. This study aims to investigate the seismic response of tapered piles in sandy soils using non-linear three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses. A total of 3084 cases were studied using MIDAS software to consider a wide range of parameters, including variations in soil density (Dr), taper angle (θ°), slenderness ratio (L/DAvg), and different earthquake recorded data. A parametric analysis was also undertaken to investigate the behavior of the pile lateral displacement, pile bending moment, and frictional resistance. The findings of the study reveal that tapering enhances the lateral stiffness of the pile, resulting in reduced lateral deflections and decreased sensitivity to changes in L/DAvg and ground motion intensity. Furthermore, under higher ground motion intensity, improved pile stiffness through tapering contribute to an increase in bending moments experienced by the pile. Another significant observation is the substantial improvement in frictional resistance due to soil densification. This emphasizes the critical importance of considering the soil behavior and its density in the design of pile foundations, particularly when aiming to withstand seismic loads effectively. These insights offer valuable guidance for designing pile foundations that can reliably endure the dynamic forces present during seismic events.