Seismic Performance of Masonry-Infilled RC Frames and Its Implications in Design Approach: A Review

Predicting the seismic response of masonry-infilled (MI) RC frames holds immense importance due to the significant influence of masonry on the structural performance. Despite numerous studies delving into the seismic behavior of these frames, their complex interaction of masonry infills and RC frame presents ongoing challenges for researchers, designers, and standards committees. Although numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames, its complex behavior poses a challenge to researchers, designers, and the specification-making committees. In recent years, several national codes have been revised to include the estimation of the stiffness of reinforced and nonreinforced masonry walls and have provided guidelines for the modeling and analysis of structures considering MI. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of how infilled masonry walls impact the seismic performance of RC frames, drawing comparisons with codal provisions. The focus lies on scrutinizing experimental, numerical, and analytical studies that explore in-plane and out-of-plane behaviors. Factors like masonry strength, stiffness, area of openings, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, and damage patterns are thoroughly examined. Key findings with critical implications are highlighted, shedding light on potential future research directions in this crucial field.