Risk factors in familial osteoarthritis: the GARP sibling study

Purpose To investigate the association between systemic and local risk factors and familial osteoarthritis (OA) at multiple sites. Methods Patients and their siblings had primary OA at multiple sites at middle age. OA diagnosis followed the American College of Rheumatology criteria. We recruited 345 controls (mean age 57 years (range 40–76), 64% women) by random sampling from the population by telephone and collected all data by questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for sex, age and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), 95% confidence intervals (CIs95) were computed using robust standard errors with the intra-family effect taken into account. Results Three hundred and eighty-two patients (mean age 60 years [range 43–79]), 82% women had OA in the spine (80%), hands (72%), knees (34%) and hips (24%). In women, an association of familial OA with a young age at natural menopause (<45 years), OR=2.6 (CI95 1.5–4.5) was found. Physically demanding jobs led to an increased risk of familial OA in men: OR=2.6 (CI95 1.3–5.3). Familial OA was more prevalent in individuals with a BMI>30, OR=2.0 (CI95 1.3–3.2) compared to a BMI of <25. Taller persons had a lower risk of familial OA, OR=0.33 (0.1–0.8) in the height category >180cm relative to a height of <160cm. A history of meniscectomy, increased the risk of familial OA at multiple sites with knee involvement, OR=6.2 (CI95 3.0–12.7). Conclusions Systemic and local risk factors play a role in the etiology of familial OA at multiple sites.