Reply to comment: "A problem in extracting structure information from the temperature of maximum density for aqueous solutions"

The arguments presented by Kuppers in the preceding paper on the use of the temperature of maximum density parameters Δθ and Δθ st for the analysis of the effect of solutes on the structure of water are critically examined. The validity of these arguments is challenged on both theoretical and experimental grounds. In particular, the proper choice of the standard state is stressed, and it is demonstrated that Δθ st contains structural information which cannot be extracted from Δθ directly.