Remote sensing techniques for geo-problem applications

Geotechnical investigation involving failed structures can vary from open surface failures of roadside slopes to underground tunnel collapses. Remote sensing techniques naturally adapts to geo-problem investigation. This paper discusses innovative remote sensing technologies that are being developed for geotechnical investigations. Remote sensing refers to non-contact sensing from a distance away. Most remote sensing techniques such as satellite imaging and aerial LiDAR scans have been popular for geo-spatial analysis. More recently, close range remote sensing techniques have been developed into terrestrial or near-ground technologies. In this paper, focus is placed on remote sensing techniques that do not require surface treatments and techniques that can be used for quantitative measurements. Four techniques are described herein: terrestrial LiDAR scan, rapid shooting camera (RSCS) system, small format aerial photography (SFAP) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging.