Receptors | Toll-Like Receptors

Innate immune system is the sentinel of the host defense mechanisms and consists of variety of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. They sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via family of germline-encoded sensor proteins known as pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one family of PRRs and sense proteins, lipid, nucleic acid, lipo-proteins, glyco-proteins, and glyco-lipids derived from pathogen and induce inflammatory responses for the host defense. In this article, we discuss the recent advancement in PAMP recognition and TLR signaling pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of TLR in infectious disease in human and potential applications of TLR agonist/antagonist as a vaccine adjuvant and drug.